论跨国界污染的国家责任

跨国界污染造成的严重环境损害已经引起了国际社会的普遍关注,实施可持续发展战略必须解决跨国界污染问题,确定污染事件中的国家责任是解决跨国界污染的关键环节。1972年《斯德哥尔摩人类环境宣言》指出:“各国应进行合作以进一步发展有关它们管辖或控制之内的活动对他们管辖以外的环境造成的污染和其他环境损害的受害者承担责任和赔偿问题的国际法。”没有国家责任制度,就没有国际法。完善国家责任制度的目的就是要通过国际法改善和加强国际环境的保护。     

论排污权交易失灵与可持续发展法的干预

排污权交易是近年来国内外的热点话题,我国政府曾针对排污权交易广泛实践,在科学研究、试点、管理等方面做了大量的工作,并取得了可观的成绩和经验。但是,对该交易潜在的失灵鲜有提及,缺乏及时和必要的立法准备。本文试图结合这一现状进行探索性的研究,以抛砖引玉,与同行探讨。     

对国家《室内空气质量标准》的几点质疑

新装修房屋室内空气污染问题越来越受到人们关注。2003年颁布实施的GB/T 18883—2002《室内空气质量标准》虽然在很大程度上限制了装修所引起的室内空气污染,但在实施过程中发现,《室内空气质量标准》对化学性污染物标准检测方法有些矛盾的地方,影响了测量精度和准确性。笔者提出了质疑和改进的建议。     

Swiss Air Traffic Policy: Noise between Berne and Berlin

This article looks at the negotiations between Switzerland and Germany on air traffic regulation with the help of negotiation analysis tools. A number of factors pre‐eminent in the literature on negotiation processes and outcomes are presented and critically assessed. In particular arguments of “power”, which are often insufficiently explored in analysing interstate cooperation, are brought back into the picture. The article argues that structural power best explains the negotiation results while domestic politics and information asymmetries both account for non‐ratification of the treaty. Institutionalist arguments on the constraining effects of international norms and institutions as well as explanations focusing on negotiation skills are of minor importance. Moreover, the nature of the Swiss intra‐governmental setting at the federal level did not encourage the Swiss negotiators to exploit all means during the different stages of the bargaining process. The article concludes by illuminating a number of policy observations in the broader context of Swiss foreign relations and indicating avenues for further research.     

外商投资企业环境污染问题若干思考

我国加入 WTO后 ,根据市场准入原则和国民待遇原则 ,将会有更多的跨国公司进入我国开办外商投资企业。与此同时 ,部分外商投资企业可能利用我国环境立法等方面的漏洞转移污染风险 ,对此 ,我国必须依照有关环境保护法律积极应对 ,并且加快我国环境立法与国际接轨的进程。     

排污权理论及其立法思考

排污权交易是在市场经济条件下促进环境保护事业发展的一种有效的经济的手段。排污权应当被看作是一种财产权 ,我国应建立起适合国情的排污权交易体系 ,通过排污许可证的转让 ,市场机制将在控制环境污染上扮演更重要角色。     

论远红外线在汽车节油降低空气污染方面的原理及实践

波长 3～ 2 0 μm的远红外线光子可以激发汽车燃油中碳氢分子的键能 ,以提高其热燃效率 ,故能增加发动机输出功率 ,并有节油与降低废气排放的功效     

Oil pollution and water conflicts in the riverine communities in Nigeria’s Niger Delta region: challenges for and elements of problem-solving strategies

ABSTRACT

In Nigeria’s Niger Delta, oil pollution has significantly harmed the natural environment on which the local people in the Niger Delta depend for their livelihood and sustenance. The direct consequence of oil pollution is that it has led to multidimensional and protracted conflicts in oil-bearing communities. Drawing on fieldwork data, this article examines the ways in which oil pollution harms water resources and fuels conflicts in the local communities. It explores the socio-economic dynamics of the conflicts and insecurity, and how they are aggravated by the ineffectiveness of the measures adopted by the state to manage the conflicts. It argues that the role of local actors in the ecological dislocation have been downplayed and not factored into the measures devised to tackle the intractable conflicts. This article demonstrates how the network of interactions among localised, national and globalised actors aggravate environmental pollution and the complex conflicts in local communities.     

重大环境污染事故罪的立法修改问题探讨

重大环境污染事故罪宜修改为污染大气罪、污染内水罪等几个罪名;将重大环境污染事故罪的结果犯修改为危险犯有其更为充分的理由;适应环境污染具有的特殊性,应当在重大环境污染事故罪中引进严格责任;重大环境污染事故罪的法定刑应提高为10年有期徒刑,无限额罚金制应改为限额罚金制,并且还应增设教育性、民事性与行政性等非刑罚措施。     

我国船源污染海洋防治法律存在的问题及其完善

船源污染作为海洋主要污染源严重威胁我国海洋环境的保护。当前,由于我国相关防治法律还存在诸多缺陷,造成我国船源污染海洋防治形势依然严峻,《中华人民共和国防治船舶污染海洋环境管理条例（征求意见稿）》针对我国船源污染防治法律现存的主要问题提出了较为综合全面的完善措施。结合对《征求意见稿》相关完善措施的解读,可以对我国船源污染防治法律的未来发展动向有所把握。