Classification of the Y-haplogroup distributions of Western Eurasian populations using a self-learning algorithm

The understanding of historical relationship between populations is a core aspect of human population history studies. We have compared the frequency of 18 different Y-SNP haplogroups in 90 Western Eurasian populations. Classification of haplogroup distribution vectors using a new self-learning classification algorithm so called “self-organizing cloud (SOC)” proved to be an effective tool to identify population groups, which share common paternal genetic features. By means of the algorithm, we have determined 10 different classes of populations based on the similarity of haplogroup composition. The analysis showed that paternal genetic markers tend to reflect geographical proximity of populations better than linguistic relationship, although certain Y-SNP haplogroups have relatively good correlation with specific language families. These observations are based on the comparative analysis of the Hg distributions of contemporary populations may reflect demographic history of them in the past.     

蓝色电工胶带的扫描电镜／能谱法检验

目的研究不同品牌蓝色电工胶带的检验方法。方法利用扫描电镜／能谱法对蓝色电工胶带进行检验。结果11个厂家生产的15种品牌的蓝色电工胶带组成的105组样品对有104组可以区分,区分率达到99．0％。结论扫描电镜／能谱法能够区分绝大多数蓝色电工胶带,该方法具有操作简便、快速、结果准确的优点,能够用于同色电工胶带的鉴别。     

利用长时平均FFT功率谱进行话者识别

长时平均FFT(fast fourier transform)功率谱是利用快速傅立叶变换FFT方法算出的每帧的短时频谱的长时平均。FFT功率谱中可以直观反映出基音周期以及各谐波能量、频率、形态和它们相互的组合关系,同时能反映出谐波能量较高的尖峰所对应的声道共振峰。根据本实验,对元音提取长时平均FFT图谱进行图谱形态比对和重叠比对,是话者识别的有效方法。     

The questionable advantage of defense counsel in juvenile court

This article examines the issue of legal representation in serious juvenile delinquency matters in three diverse juvenile courts. The prevalence of legal counsel varied among felony referrals. Out-of-home placement was more likely to occur if a youth had an attorney, even when other relevant legal and individual factors were the same. Within each court, the results showed more likely of placement corresponding to seriousness of the case. Although this escalation was evident among cases with attorneys and those without, placement was more apt to occur when there was legal counsel. Given these findings, we offer recommendations for issues that should be considered and possible policy actions.     

The GAme oF monopoLy AND AnTi-monopoLy

正It’s time for the developing world to take action to defend its own marketIn the past month or two,an array of antitrust investigations against foreign companies by Chinese authorities has attracted extensive attention worldwide.While some international business lobbyists have made complaints and spun these     

容留他人吸毒罪相关问题解析

在我国的司法实践中,毒品案件不断攀升,为能准确把握容留他人吸毒罪相关难点,可从该罪的犯罪构成、容留对象、场所、共犯、证据采信等方面予以全面分析,进而为实际判定厘清思路。     

对“消灭前科”呼吁的思考

在我国，理论界众多学者强烈呼吁建立前科消灭制度，实践中也有地方进行了尝试。然而，尽管轻刑化是我国未来刑罚立法的必然趋势，但由于国情的不同，当前建立类似于前科消灭制度的轻刑化制度的时机还不成熟。而且，前科并不是刑满释放者再社会化的唯一障碍，前科消灭还会与档案的真实性本质发生冲突。     

论知识产权法的合同限制

权利人通过合同执行区别定价策略来获取知识产权法下难以获得的利益,属于权利的私人定制.权利人通过合同对知识产权权利限制制度予以反限制、对知识产权法不保护的客体提供保护、对知识产权进行知识产权法之外的限制,这些合同条款可否执行需要我们谨慎考虑其合法性.通过合同执行区别定价既有可能具有激励创新之效应,也有可能存在对公共利益侵蚀之威胁,因此需要在利益平衡原则的指导下,以合同法维护契约正义的制度为核心来考虑这些合同条款是否违反了知识产权法的强制性规定、是否属于排除对方主要权利的格式合同、是否属于显失公平之情形.     

microRNAs及其法医学应用前景

microRNAs(miRNAs)是一类内源性的非编码小分子RNA,平均长度约22nt,广泛存在于各种真核细胞中,并参与调节细胞生长发育、分化、凋亡、衰老、疾病及肿瘤的发生等众多重要生命活动。基于其生物学功能,miRNAs可能在法医学体液来源鉴定、个体年龄推断、同卵双生子甄别等方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

Barriers to Gender Equality in the Canadian Legal Establishment

In this paper we trace the historical exclusion of women from the legal profession in Canada. We examine women’s efforts to gain entry to law practice and their progress through the last century. The battle to gain entry to this exclusive profession took place on many fronts: in the courts, government legislature, public debate and media, and behind the closed doors of the law societies. After formal barriers to entry were dismantled, women continued to confront formidable barriers through overt and subtler forms of discrimination and exclusion. Today’s legal profession in Canada is a contested one. Women have succeeded with large enrolments in law schools and growing representation in the profession. However, women remain on the margins of power and privilege in law practice. Our analysis of contemporary official data on the Canadian legal profession demonstrates that women are under-represented in private practice, have reduced chances for promotion, and are excluded from higher echelons of authority, remuneration, and status in the profession. Yet, the contemporary picture of the legal profession also reveals that women are having an important impact on the profession of law in Canada by introducing policy reforms aimed at creating a more humane legal profession. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.