民事裁判文书的理性探析

裁判文书是司法公正的载体 ,理由是裁判文书的灵魂。而如何增强裁判文书的说理性 ,是我国目前裁判文书改革的重点。本文从三个方面 :理性展现的对象、理性展理的必要性、理性展现的路径 ,论证我国民事裁判文书加大说理力度的重要意义及改革思路。     

The Contribution of Organized Youth Sport to Antisocial and Prosocial Behavior in Adolescent Athletes

In this study, we investigated the contribution of organized youth sport to antisocial and prosocial behavior in adolescent athletes. The sample consisted of N=260 male and female soccer players and competitive swimmers, 12 to 18 years of age. Multilevel regression analysis revealed that 8% of the variance in antisocial behavior and 7% of the variance in prosocial behavior could be attributed to characteristics of the sporting environment. Results suggested that coaches who maintain good relationships with their athletes reduce antisocial behavior, and that exposure to relatively high levels of sociomoral reasoning within the immediate context of sporting activities promotes prosocial behavior. These results point to specific aspects of adolescents’ participation in sport that can be used to realize the educational potential of organized youth sport. She is currently writing her Ph.D. thesis on sports and education. Interests include moral development, behavioral adaptation, and delinquency. Associate Professor of Special Education at the University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. His research interests include socio-emotional development and moral education. Professor of Educational Theory in the School of Education and life long learning, University of Exeter, UK. His research focuses on the role of communication in education. Professor of Special Education at the Free University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. His research interests concern socio-emotional development and developmental psychopathology, especially within the framework of attachment theory. She is working on a Ph.D. thesis on dyslexia. Her interests include socio-emotional development and learning problems. Free University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Assistant Professor at the Department of Developmental Psychology of Free University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Interests include methods of developmental research and multilevel modeling. University of Amsterdam, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Education     

法律推理在司法领域的应用与研究

本文以法律逻辑为研究对象,从法律逻辑引出法律推理,介绍目前法律推理的研究状况,从法律推理中探究实质推理的作用和应用。笔者认为,形式推理和实质推理两者不可偏废,只有两者相结合才能构建完善科学的司法体系。     

讯问材料的逻辑漏洞——从法庭的视角看

关于侦查讯问的逻辑思考非常多,从讯问问题的逻辑研究、笔录的制作到各种逻辑推理、逻辑规律在讯问中的应用都有学者论及,但作为整个讯问材料的逻辑性要求却很少有人论及。讯问材料要求证据确凿,事实清楚,也就是要确实、充分,而从法庭的视角看,材料很容易出现逻辑漏洞。     

刑事诉讼法上的类推解释

类推解释在刑法和刑事诉讼法上具有不同的形式和意义。刑法基于罪刑法定原则的要求,原则上禁止类推解释,尤其是相似条文之间的类推解释;只有在有利于被告的前提下,才允许事实比较意义上的类推解释。但在刑事诉讼法上,即使承认程序法定原则,也只是禁止扩张国家权力的类推解释,而不应禁止保障国民权利的类推解释。     

刑法适用中类比推理的系统检视——对“禁止类推”命题的反思

谈及类推,刑法学界普遍认可＂禁止类推＂这一原则。实际上＂禁止类推＂这一命题过于笼统和模糊,以至于几乎每个国家都有刑法权威学者对该命题持保留态度。刑法适用过程中的＂类推＂具有两种面相——作为漏洞填补方法的类推适用和作为法律适用基本方法的类推思维,前者应被刑法禁止,而后者却是刑法适用中无法禁止的推理方法。这两种类推之间的区别,实质上就是一种＂度＂的把握,而将＂度＂界定为刑法规范目的指导下的犯罪类型更具有操作性。另外,既然刑法中两面性的类比推理足以囊括刑法适用中的全部类推,那么摒弃＂类推解释＂这一充满争议的概念更为合理。     

一个科学合理解释的质疑——评两高网络谣言司法解释

从文理解释上看,将网络场所解释为公共场所有过度诠释之嫌;从扩大解释与类推解释的形式区别上看,还无法理清二者的差异,需借助解释目标和解释限度的考察;以类比推理的方式行类推适用的实质值得警惕;在刑法立场上,应重视保障机能,采人本主义刑法观,反对工具主义刑法观。     

司法三段论内、外部推理网络研究

司法三段论基本思维模式表现为法律适用、事实认定和裁判结论。大前提是法律规范而不仅仅是逻辑命题,力图通过法律规范和法律事实建立通道,法律规范、法律事实、推理主体需要对众多法律理由进行权衡与抉择。需要对逻辑三段论进行重构,常处于一个由内部推理与外部推理织就的复杂网络中,由内部正当性证成与外部正当性前提构成,在法律规范与事实之间建立具体、有效的推导关系。     

刑法适用中扩张解释的方法及其界限——兼论扩张解释与类推适用之区分

刑法适用过程系具体化法律和抽象化案件事实的过程,法官应对存有疑义之条款进行解释。扩张解释系刑法解释之结果,在对刑法条款进行扩张解释过程中,应明确所运用的各种解释方法及其所遵循的步骤。德、日的典型判例及我国实践都存在正确和误用扩张解释现象,应正确运用刑法解释方法,明确扩张解释的界限,准确区分扩张解释与类推适用。法官在个案中无法运用扩张解释时,立法机关应当通过及时修订法律的方式填补法律漏洞。