罪刑法定原则及其司法化研究——以刑法解释为视角

罪刑法定原则的价值取向应当是限制国家刑罚权、保障公民自由,是入罪禁止机能和出罪解释机能的统一。我国现行《刑法》第3条具有中国特色的双向表述方式堵塞了去罪化的路径,应当修改为消极的表述形式。刑法解释是罪刑法定原则的必然要求,而罪刑法定要求以严格解释和可预测原则作为刑法解释的限度。为了真正实现罪刑法定的司法化,刑法解释需要树立新的刑法理念;进一步加强和规范立法解释并对刑事司法解释进行完善。     

The Undesirability of Detailed Judicial Reasoning

In this paper we question the general practice in which Common Law based judicial systems produce detailed written decisions. The requirement to produce written court decisions is expensive and helps produce long delays. Furthermore, we show that the general applicability of detailed reasoning may be inefficient. Our method of proving this claim is to show that the individual litigants have almost nothing to gain from having a detailed written reasoning. In fact, most of the time, they are clearly better off by being able to switch to a policy that requires no written opinion. Our approach is most appropriate in circumstances of pecuniary private disputes where the parties involved act as rational utility, or profit, maximizers.     

判决书中的法律论证

在对法律公正的憧憬中,法律是值得信仰的,但在当下判决书中经常看到的多是武断与掩饰,八股式文体的判决书缺乏充分的论证,让人看不出判决或改判的理由。在走向依法治国的历史进程中,我们需要的是一份阳光下的判决书,一份有着严密论证、详尽说理的判决书,一份旁征博引、法理透彻的判决书。判决需要论证,据以形成判决的“法律”更需要论证,不经过论证的“法律”缺乏正确性和可接受性。裁判文书中对论证理论的运用,为裁判结论的达致提供技术性支持,为裁判结论形成过程中个体的价值判断提供规范性的规则与方法,在整个国家制度建构中有重要的意义。     

法律推理及其在司法审判中的适用

独特的法律推理模式是现代法治条件下司法运行的一个重要特征,研究和丰富法律推理这一课题,对提高法官司法能力,做好新形势下司法审判工作具有重要的现实意义.     

论我国检察官法治思维的养成——以起诉书的改革为视角

思维本身具备哲学属性，法治思维有着哲学与法律进一步联结的丰厚意蕴。检察官的伦理是确定的职业伦理，我国刑事起诉书说理性的不足与忽略对检察职业伦理良善目的的实现起着消极的作用。从逻辑到经验、从知}生到理性、从主观到主体、从实体性到生成性这四种哲学思维的方式有助手检察官法治思维的养成。     

论英美法中法律规则和法律原则在法律推理中的适用——以先例推理与原则推理为分析框架

法律规则与法律原则存在区别，二者在推理的过程中也有不同的适用方法，适用规则的推理可称为先例推理，适用原则的推理可称为原则推理。而根据规范先例推理的四项命题，原则推理只是先例推理的一种特殊形式。由于四项命题的存在，法官的推理不总是司法推理，也常常会变成立法推理。先例推理理论的缺陷只能通过实践来解决。     

逻辑推理与警务工作

逻辑学是一门思维科学。学习逻辑有助于论证、表达思想，有助于掌握其它科学知识，有助于识别、驳斥诡辩。逻辑推理在公安、司法领域有广泛应用，加强警察逻辑推理能力的培养有助于提高警察的工作效率。     

溯因推理新论——法律论证的视角

溯因推理具有显著的特征：或然性（假设性）、逆向性、非单调性、语用性和创新性.溯因推理研究的新进路在于,其发生了语用学的转向以及语用论证（论辩）的转向.在法律方法（法律适用）和法律逻辑的视域,溯因推理的研究及其运用,长期困固于刑事侦查领域中,对于其在司法判决（审判阶段中）作为一种法律论证方法以解决疑难案件的论证则少有使用.以法律论证为视角,用一例只有被害人陈述为直接证据的强奸案件为例,通过对传统证据链模式的分析,提出印证式证据链模式和排除式证据链模式,建立溯因推理的正向溯因推理模式和反向溯因推理模式,并在案件证据所呈现的情境下建构法律语境,展现溯因推理在具体案件中的法律论证,以期能为我国司法判决实现合理性和正当性,提供一种新的论证模式或方法.     

Different crime types and moral reasoning development in young offenders compared with non-offender controls

Abstract

On empirical and theoretical grounds, it is argued that different patterns of moral reasoning development and moral values may characterise different types of offender. Male offenders in six youth correctional institutions in Taiwan and controls from one junior and two senior high schools participated in the study. Self-reported criminal histories were classified according to their characteristic offence type (Drug, Violent, or Theft). Overall moral reasoning development stage, as well as the five individual moral values, were significantly less mature in offenders than in controls despite the offenders’ mean age being higher. The moral value Life differentiated crime types since this was less mature in the violent offenders. Moral reasoning cognitive–developmental delay models were only of limited usefulness in differentiating offender types but were good at differentiating offenders from non-offenders. It is suggested that a more sophisticated understanding of the role of moral reasoning development in the study of crime is needed.     

法律解释目标实现的逻辑程式建构

法律经过解释才能有效适用,法官在正确地理解与适用法律处理案件,并将法律适用过程展现在裁判文书中,实质上就是对法律进行解释的过程。＼构建统一的法律解释方法运用规则较为困难,因此对个案法律解释模式的探索意义十分重大。通常个案法律解释目标在法律关系分析、法条意义理解、裁判结果推论、法律效果判断纵向程式中实现。