Anxiety disorders and intimate partner violence: can the association be explained by coexisting conditions or borderline personality traits?

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious, preventable public health problem. IPV perpetration is strongly associated with Anxiety disorders at the population level. We investigated whether the association could be explained by coexisting psychiatric conditions or Borderline personality traits, using a combined data-set of two National Household Surveys (n = 15,973). Results showed women were more likely to report perpetrating IPV than men. Anxiety disorders were associated with IPV. When coexisting psychiatric conditions together with a categorical diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) were investigated as explanatory variables, 19.2% of the association between Anxiety disorders and IPV was explained. Using individual Borderline traits in place of a categorical diagnosis of BPD, 58.3% of the association was explained. In conclusion, the association between Anxiety disorders and IPV was partly, but not fully, explained by coexisting psychiatric conditions and individual Borderline traits. Perpetrators of IPV should be screened for Anxiety disorders and among those with Anxiety disorders, Borderline traits are important.     

Effects of Perceived Control on the Relationship Between Perceived Parental Rearing Behaviors and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Nonclinical Preadolescents

This study examined mediational and moderational effects of perceived control on the relationship between perceived parental rearing behaviors and symptoms of anxiety and depression in a nonclinical sample of youths aged 11–14 years. Correlational analyses demonstrated that higher levels of negative parental rearing practices were associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression, which at the same time were related to lower levels of perceived control. Furthermore, no evidence was found for the presence of mediational effects of perceived control on the link between perceived parental rearing behaviors and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Finally, there was a moderational effect of perceived control on the link between anxious rearing and anxiety symptoms. While the presence of low perceived control and high anxious rearing yielded relatively high anxiety levels, it was especially the combination of high perceived control and low anxious rearing that clearly yielded the lowest anxiety levels.     

论对中国特色社会主义的忧乐观

对中国特色社会主义的规律性认识是当代中国共产党人忧乐观形成的基本依据.刻苦学习马克思主义中国化成果是培养乐观主义精神的根本途径.科学分析形势,勇于面对问题是增强忧患意识的基本要求.     

Self-Entitled College Students: Contributions of Personality,Parenting, and Motivational Factors

Anecdotal evidence suggests an increase in entitled attitudes and behaviors of youth in school and college settings. Using a newly developed scale to assess “academic entitlement” (AE), a construct that includes expectations of high grades for modest effort and demanding attitudes towards teachers, this research is the first to investigate the phenomenon systematically. In two separate samples of ethnically diverse college students comprised largely of East and Southeast Asian American, followed by Caucasians, Latinos, and other groups (total N = 839, age range 18–25 years), we examined the personality, parenting, and motivational correlates of AE. AE was most strongly related to exploitive attitudes towards others and moderately related to an overall sense of entitlement and to narcissism. Students who reported more academically entitled attitudes perceived their parents as exerting achievement pressure marked by social comparison with other youth and materially rewarding good grades, scored higher than their peers in achievement anxiety and extrinsic motivation, and engaged in more academic dishonesty. AE was not significantly associated with GPA.

肝心同治法治疗功能性消化不良伴焦虑抑郁状态30例

目的 观察疏肝健脾合养心安神方治疗功能性消化不良（functional dyspepsia,FD）伴有焦虑抑郁状态的疗效。方法 将90例FD伴焦虑抑郁状态的患者随机分为疏肝组、疏肝养心组和疏肝黛力新组,分别治以中药疏肝健脾方、中药疏肝健脾方+养心安神方,及中药疏肝健脾方+黛力新,治疗前后观察3组患者脾胃症状评分,采用36条目生活质量简表（36-item short form health survey questionnaire, SF-36）评价患者治疗前后的生活质量,采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表（Hamilton anxiety scale, HAMA）、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（Hamilton depression scale, HAMD）评价患者治疗前后的焦虑抑郁水平。结果 疏肝养心组、疏肝黛力新组在改善FD患者脾胃症状,降低HAMA、HAMD评分,改善SF-36各维度评分方面显著优于疏肝组（P<0.05,或P<0.01）;疏肝养心组与疏肝黛力新组疗效比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 疏肝健脾方合养心安神方可明显改善FD伴焦虑抑郁状态患者的脾胃症状,并可改善焦虑抑郁症状,提高生活质量。     

Risk and Protective Factors for Peer Victimization in Adolescents with ADHD

ABSTRACT

Youth with ADHD are more at-risk for peer victimization than their typically developing peers, and may not be benefiting from current interventions. Thus, we sought to examine risk (i.e., anxiety, depression, and forms of aggression) and protective (i.e., social skills and social acceptance) factors for peer victimization in this group. Participants were 123 young adolescents diagnosed with ADHD, who were attending grades six through eight. We found that relational aggression (i.e., excluding others from activities) and anxiety symptoms were among the strongest risk factors for victimization. Anxiety symptoms were associated with victimization over and above depressive symptoms. Social acceptance buffered risk conferred by the risk factors. Future work is needed to investigate the degree to which the relations among internalizing symptoms and victimization differ in youth with ADHD relative to typically developing youth, and assess causality of the relations.     

趋势焦虑与冲突意愿：区域主导权竞争中的防御性进攻主义

区域安全复合体内部主导权竞争常常会引发大国战争。从理性角度讲,倾向于发动主导权战争的国家要么具有"趋势优势",要么具有"实力优势"。但却无法解释为何有些国家既没有"趋势优势",也没有"实力优势",却依然倾向于对"实力较强且趋势占优"的国家发动主导权战争。趋势焦虑不仅可以解释传统理论中守成大国对新兴大国的防御性进攻倾向,更可以解释如果守成大国通过战略打压成功地扭转了新兴大国的崛起趋势,那么新兴大国反而可能因趋势焦虑而选择防御性进攻。避开从传统权力结构性分析路径,而通过引入战略心理学的"趋势焦虑"概念并构建防御性进攻主义的广义理论,将对区域主导权竞争中何者更具进攻性意愿有着更强的解释力和预测力。同时,传统理论认为,霸权国在区域主导权竞争中倾向于依据静态的权力结构性而扶持区域次强国,进而达到抑制权力占优方的目标。但从战略势能演变的动态性视角分析,霸权国在区域主导权竞争中并非一贯倾向对区域次强国予以支持,而是更倾向对"趋势占劣"或"战略匹配高"的地区大国予以支持,哪怕其权力尚处于优势地位。     

THE KIDS' TURN PROGRAM EVALUATION: PROBING CHANGE WITHIN A COMMUNITY‐BASED INTERVENTION FOR SEPARATING FAMILIES

We provide evaluation results for Kids' Turn, a community‐based divorcing parent education program. Based on pre‐ and post‐test results from 61 parents, we found that parents reported improvements over time in interparental conflict, the number of topics parents argue about, parental alienation behaviors, parent anxiety and depression, and children's internalizing behaviors. These changes over time remained after we accounted for child sex, parent and child age, and time since separation. However, we did not observe any change in parenting behaviors. We discuss these results in light of factors influencing the ability of community‐based programs to affect change in families after divorce.     

论科学忧患意识

强化科学忧患意识是马克思主义的题中应有之义,是中华民族精神和革命传统精华的有机组成部分,是无产阶级执政党性质和宗旨的必然要求,是推进中国特色社会主义事业的必然要求,是全面建设小康社会机遇期的紧迫需要。要把革命乐观主义与科学忧患意识统一起来,大力推进中华民族振兴大业。