贪污受贿犯罪定罪量刑标准的变迁与反思——以《刑法修正案(九)》的出台为视角

1997年《刑法》以数额为中心的定罪量刑标准缺乏社会适应性;各法定刑量刑幅度交叉现象严重;贪贿犯罪刑罚减免规定存在"宽严皆失"的弊端;生刑与死刑差距过大,资格剥夺措施一直缺位。《刑法修正案(九)》虽针对诸多问题作出了调整,但贪污与受贿的关系、终身监禁的落地实施等问题仍有待研究。为此,应降低贪贿入罪标准,扩大地方自由权,以无期徒刑重构终身监禁制度,厘清贪污受贿关系并严密刑罚裁量情节,废除贪贿犯罪刑罚减免制度。     

‘Fat cat’ lawyers and ‘illegal’ migrants: the impact of intersecting hostilities and toxic narratives on access to justice

ABSTRACT

This article examines how three spheres of hostility intersect to prevent effective access to justice for those living with insecure immigration status. The neoliberal governance model, the barren justice landscape and the hostile environment are supported by the cynical construction of the ‘fat cat’ lawyer and the toxic ‘folk devil’ narrative of the ‘bogus’ asylum seeker. To the extent that the judiciary have frustrated the more obvious, ideologically driven, attempts to restrict access to justice for migrants, the austerity predicated measures pursuant to the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 (LASPO) have completely altered the legal landscape. The analysis is informed by the findings of the ‘Legal advice and support for persons with insecure status’ project (hereafter LAPIS) in Nottingham which explores the challenges faced by service providers and the lived experiences of those with insecurity of status. It is clear that access to justice is a passport to the realisation of other rights, yet participants struggled to access a remedy because legal advice is too often out of reach.     

Lost in space? the role of place in the delivery of social welfare law advice over the telephone and face-to-face

ABSTRACT

Advice that is provided exclusively over the telephone has been promoted by government as more convenient and accessible than face-to-face appointments. The resulting push towards telephone-only provision, as implemented by the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012, challenges the long history of association between social welfare law advice and local delivery within disadvantaged communities. This article reports on qualitative research comparing telephone and face-to-face advice which uncovers the continuing relevance of place in the dynamics and mechanics of social welfare law provision. Familiarity with the geographical location, knowledge of local policies and procedures, relationships with opponents and allies, and an understanding of the ‘local legal culture’ mean that face-to-face advisers are often able to conduct their legal casework more effectively. Conversely, local knowledge is unlikely to be available to Community Legal Advice telephone advisers. This research suggests that, in addition, telephone-only advisers may be developing a more narrow understanding of the essential qualities of casework. These findings are particularly significant in view of the likely future expansion of remote methods of delivery in legal aid work.     

浅论清末民初章士钊的政党思想

章士钊是中国近代史上著名的思想家和理论家,他注意观察和研究近代民主政治,尤其是政党政治,他强调党纲的重要性,推崇英国式的政党内阁制,并由此提出了毁党造党说,即政党和国内政治资源的重新优化组合,一方面,所谓党者尽毁之,既毁其名又毁其实,另一方面,造有党纲之党,在国内形成两大政党对抗的局面。毁党造党说轰动一时,但因不符合中国的国情而遭到失败。     

“坚持以人民为中心”的创新理念和重大实践对民办高校思政教育队伍建设的启示

习近平总书记在福建工作期间形成了极为宝贵的创新理念和重大实践。这些理念和实践具有前瞻性、开创性、战略性,其中“坚持以人民为中心”的理念和实践对民办高校思想政治教育队伍的建设有重要的指导意义。目前,民办高校思想政治教育队伍存在理论学习不深入、学生思想动态调研不充足、专业技能学习不及时、融入学生群体不顺畅、思想政治辅导员队伍不稳定、辅导员与思想政治理论课教师之间的思想政治教育不融合等薄弱点。针对这些问题,应将“坚持以人民为中心”作为民办高校思想政治教育工作的理念和实践,将一切工作的初衷紧紧围绕着学生这个群体,促进思想政治教育队伍的建设。     

沉默权制度的发展、利弊与限制

沉默权制度作为诸多国家在刑事诉讼中保障犯罪嫌疑人、被告人人权的一项重要制度,有必要对其历史发展、利弊及现今限制等问题予以了解,这对我国正在酝酿的刑事诉讼法的整体修改以及相关问题的废、改、立具有重要意义。     

高绩效政府的创建与公信力问题

高绩效政府是政府形象建设的一个重要方面,而良好的政府形象无疑是提升政府公信力的法宝。从这个意义上来看,政府公信力的提升有赖于高绩效政府的创建。高绩效政府是一个公众满意度高的政府、是一个有限而强大的政府、是一个服务型政府。高绩效政府的创建需要政府百折不挠的努力,有赖于政府对信誉的重视,需要重视领导艺术,是一个共同参与的过程。     

浅议和谐社会的法律保障

构建社会主义和谐社会不但需要完善的法律,而且法律的制定必须坚持以人为本、遵循客观规律、符合理性精神,同时还必须增强政府部门的执法素质和全社会的守法意识与法制观念,切实做到有法可依、有法必依、执法必严、违法必究.文章从建立民主法治着眼,就立法、执法、守法几个方面阐述自己关于建立和谐社会的相关观点.     

沉默权制度中国化探析

沉默权是现代法制国家刑事司法制度的一项重要内容,是犯罪嫌疑人和被告人真正享有辩护权的基础所在。沉默权在西方就是一项充满争议的制度,而我国刑事诉讼法中应否引进沉默权原则,更是存在否定说与肯定说之争。我国应当确立有限沉默权原则。     

社会转型时期的法治发展规律研究

社会转型是一个价值更替、秩序重构和文明再生的过程,是一个国家和民族承继以往优秀传统、解决当前现实问题、规划未来发展方向的关键时期。西方国家在社会转型过程中法治的发展既呈现出鲜明的个性色彩。又包含着基本的共性特征;既植根于各国的传统和国情,又遵循了基本的法治规律。我国当前正处于急剧的社会转型过程中。西方国家社会转型时期法治建设的共性特征、基本经验和一般规律给我们以诸多启迪与借鉴,也有助于我们预测和把握我国法治的未来发展趋势。