“Gendering” European security: policy changes,reform coalitions and opposition in the OSCE

The Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) has rarely been considered in scholarship on gender and security, even though it was one of the regional security organisations whose gender policy predated the United Nations Security Council’s call for more international attention to issues related to women, peace and security in October 2000. Based on an analysis of official OSCE documents and on semi-structured interviews, we trace the integration of gender issues in the OSCE and explore the rationale behind and the challenges associated with it. We identify two phases of gender policy change in the OSCE and show how the integration of UNSCR 1325 brought about an expansion of OSCE gender policy from an exclusive focus on “soft” security issues towards increased inclusion of gender in the area of “hard” security. Drawing on historical and feminist institutionalism, we argue that reform coalitions were crucial for the policy changes in the OSCE but that they encountered institutional and ideational barriers, which hampered implementation of the gender policy. In light of rising opposition, our analysis warns of a backlash that might jeopardise current achievements.     

Does China’s middle class prefer (liberal) democracy?

Many surveys show that China’s political regime, under the Chinese Communist Party’s authoritarian rules, enjoys a high level of public support. However, it is still uncertain whether China’s emerging middle class will become the “agent of democratization” as suggested by modernization theory. Using the data of Asian Barometer Survey conducted in China in 2011, this article demonstrates that the relationship between class identity and preference for liberal democracy in China may be inverted U-shaped. The Chinese middle class shows a higher preference to features of liberal democratic regimes than its counterparts of the lower- and upper-class. Members of the Chinese middle class also tend to regard democracy as the best form of government. Thus, the middle class has the potential to initiate democratization in China if the Chinese government fails to keep satisfying the middle class’ quest for economic well-being and protection of property rights.     

公安院校法学课程实践性教学路径的探究

传统的法学教育模式带来的学生实践能力较低等问题已经引起了法学教育界的高度关注。虽然人们已经对“法律毕竟是一门实践的学科”这一理念基本达成了共识,但如何使这一理念转化为现实仍然是值得探讨的热点。在分析当前法学教育现状的基础上,从提高课堂教学质量和增强学生的实践操作能力两方面积极探寻解决方法,将是公安院校法学教育走出困境、培养出社会需要的应用型人才的重要路径。     

养老社会保险制度的反贫困分析——美国的实践及对我国的启示

在不同的社会保障制度模式下,养老社会保险的反贫困功能不一样。不同的养老社会保险制度设计会影响其反贫困功能的发挥。美国的公共养老保险制度——"老年人、遗属和残疾人保险(OASDI)"在计发办法上的累退倾向,在受益对象上不限于退休者本人还包括配偶、遗属和残疾人,在实际给付时关于受益类型、课税、最低和最高收益、随生活成本进行调整等政策规定,对于低收入者保护倾向非常明显。与美国相比,我国目前的养老社会保险存在覆盖面窄、水平偏高,受益水平差异偏大,缺乏不同的受益类型设计等问题。为推动多层次养老保障体系建设,我国养老社会保险制度改革的政策取向应该是降低现有受益水平,扩大覆盖面,并通过覆盖更多的低收入者来增强制度的反贫困效果。同时评估和改革个人账户,以防止养老金差异过大。     

广西绑架勒索、非法拘禁犯罪规律特点和侦防对策

现阶段广西绑架勒索、非法拘禁犯罪活动愈演愈烈 ,发案逐年上升 ,社会危害性越来越严重。然而 ,绑架勒索、非法拘禁犯罪活动的隐蔽性 ,使侦察工作增加了极大的困难。不断地完善打击防范对策是公安机关的迫切要求。     

英国的陪审团制度

陪审团制度 ,是英美法系最具有特色的一种审判制度。英国陪审团对参与审理的法院和审理的案件类型 ,陪审团成员的任职资格和产生程序 ,陪审团在法庭上的职责等都有其特色规定 ;英国社会对陪审团参与法庭审理的评价也褒贬不一。     

万历四十七年投书日本德川幕府的“浙直总兵”考

明天启元年（1621）,明朝使者单凤翔一行渡海到达日本.单凤翔带来了两年前明朝“浙直总兵”申致日本德川幕府二代将军德川秀忠的外交文书,试图就海盗问题与日本德川幕府进行直接交涉.关于这一“浙直总兵”投书德川幕府事件,明朝方面的史料难以考见,日本方面却留有颇多相关记录.但是,关于投书日本德川幕府的王姓“浙直总兵”,日本方面的史料不明其人,迄今为止的先行研究也均未对之做过相关阐释.文章试对该“浙直总兵”做考述,并因以管见当时中日交涉之一端.     

认罪认罚案件上诉问题探讨

认罪认罚案件上诉权的设置存在多元价值冲突的情形,基于公正价值与效率价值的平衡需要,应当明确赋予认罪认罚案件被告人上诉权.在上诉权的设置上,应当对适用速裁程序审理的认罪认罚案件被告人的上诉权进行限制,要求速裁案件被告人上诉必须有正当理由,而认罪认罚案件适用其他程序审理的则无需附加理由.速裁案件被告人上诉的正当理由主要包括...     

补肾安胎冲剂对复发性自然流产小鼠蜕膜血管内皮生长因子及其受体调控作用研究

目的 观察补肾安胎冲剂对复发性自然流产（recurrent spontaneous abortion,RSA）小鼠胚胎丢失率和蜕膜组织血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）及其受体的影响。方法 采用Clark经典RSA小鼠模型,将RSA小鼠随机分为模型组、补肾安胎冲剂低剂量（11.7 g/kg）组、补肾安胎冲剂高剂量（23.4 g/kg）组,黄体酮胶囊（156 mg/kg）组,另取正常妊娠小鼠作为正常组,每组8只。末次给药后,处死小鼠,计算胚胎丢失率;光镜下观察蜕膜组织血管形态学改变;采用免疫组化法检测蜕膜组织VEGF、血管内皮生长因子受体2（vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2,VEGFR-2）、可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体-1（soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1,sVEGFR-1）的表达;采用RT-PCR法检测小鼠蜕膜组织中VEGF、VEGFR-2及sVEGFR-1 mRNA的表达。结果 补肾安胎冲剂能改善蜕膜组织血管形态学变化,升高蜕膜组织中VEGF和VEGFR-2蛋白含量,降低sVEGFR-1蛋白含量;能显著降低RSA小鼠胚胎丢失率（P<0.05）,升高蜕膜组织中VEGF和VEGFR-2 mRNA表达水平,降低sVEGFR-1 mRNA表达水平（P<0.05）,呈现明显的量效关系。结论 补肾安胎冲剂对RSA小鼠具有一定的保护作用,其机制可能与调控VEGF及其受体,改善蜕膜组织血管重铸有关。     

论建立和完善我国有关船舶油污损害赔偿责任限制程序的必要性

《海事诉讼特别程序法》第 9章仅对于海事赔偿责任限制基金设立程序做出规定 ,并没有明确规定油污损害赔偿责任限制程序问题 ,基于此 ,本文通过比较油污损害赔偿责任限制与海事赔偿责任限制的异同 ,初步提出建立和完善我国油污损害赔偿责任限制程序的立法建议。