Increasing Evidence-Based Programs in Criminal and Juvenile Justice: A Report from the Front Line

For the past 5 years in the United States, there has been an increased emphasis on evidence-based programs, and, in particular, the promotion of experimental designs as the highest standard of evidence. This interest has been fueled by the Federal government's demand for accountability that links budget allocation with program performance. The National Institute of Justice, the research, development and evaluation agency within the Office of Programs in the U.S. Department of Justice is undertaking a number of efforts to improve the quality of evaluation research and address the need for evidence-based programs. These efforts have focused on making improvements upfront in the grant selection process so that well-designed evaluations will be undertaken and in the management and monitoring of ongoing evaluation research grants so that implementation and design issues can be identified and addressed. Evaluability assessments is a key strategy that NIJ is relying on increasingly to identify programs that have a high likelihood of being successfully evaluated. Whether these efforts will lead to an overall increase in the rigor of NIJ-supported evaluations remains unanswered at this time. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of The National Academies or the National Institute of Justice.     

Analyses factorielles et choix méthodologiques: réplique à Markus Freitag

In this contribution, we discuss the number of factors to consider as well as the consequences of rotation in the case of principal components analysis, a technique belonging to the family of factor analysis. The article by Freitag in this issue, dedicated to the study of social capital in Switzerland, is used as example. This contribution shows the impact of different missing values estimations and, more generally, stresses the importance of looking at different solutions in an exploratory perspective. It underscores also the importance to have access to the data in order to allow a new analysis and, consequently, the possibility of the scientific debate.     

我国测谎技术的生理心理学研究综述

我国“测谎”技术的生理心理学研究集中在多道心理测试技术研究和脑电波测试技术研究两个方面,两者各有优点与不足,并都易受多种因素的影响。尽快确立测谎的统一标准和指标是发展我国的“测谎”技术亟待解决的问题。     

公共部门绩效评估的过程控制

公共部门绩效评估是一个完整的过程。其中,建构评估指标模型是整个过程的核心机制,评估指标的权重设计和等级标准为其提供技术保障,而设立评估管理机构、选择确定评估主体、安排评估实施程序和落实评估结果运用则是整个过程的组织和程序保障。     

国家公务员考核量化测评方法研究

建立科学的分类考核要素和量化测评体系,是弱化主观因素的影响、提高考核结果科学性、准确性的关键之一。为解决国家公务员考核量化测评过程中主观因素影响较大的问题,可运用层次分析法与模糊评判法来促进国家公务员考核定量化。在重视与现行公务员考核量化测评方法衔接的基础上,通过适当补充、完善考核要素指标,采用层次分析法(AHP)确定一级考核指标因素和二级考核因子的权值,以建立模糊综合测评的模型。     

谈抢劫犯的犯罪心理结构

暴力犯罪是对社会危害最为严重的犯罪类型,主要包括杀人、抢劫、强奸、伤害、爆炸、纵火、绑架、劫持等8类恶性案件。在这些案件中,以抢劫案件为高发,并呈现出增长的趋势。因此,抢劫犯罪已经成为暴力犯罪中影响最坏、社会危害最广、对人民生命财产构成极大威胁的犯罪。文章从犯罪人个性角度出发,运用卡特尔16种个性因素测验量表,分析了抢劫犯罪人的心理结构。     

大学英语评估系统的现状及改革建议

当前的大学英语教学评估系统包括三个子系统:基础阶段结束时的四、六级英语考试;各学期期末的学业考试;社会对大学生英语综合能力的需求和评价。但是,由于许多学校和用人单位都把四、六级考试作为考核的终极标准,导致现在的大学英语教学整个只是围绕四、六级考试进行,而四、六级考试本身又存在许多问题,造成了一种恶性循环;各学期期末的学业考试失去了其本身的意义,只是一种四、六级考试的模拟;学生也缺乏适当的途径去了解社会对英语运用能力的实际需求。这三个子系统对大学英语的教学产生了严重的负面反拨效应,要想对大学英语进行改革,首先就要从评估系统着手。     

When identity is not reached: two cases from Brasilia

When human remains are examined, three questions always need to be answered: who is the deceased, what was the cause of death, and when did the death occur, the former question being the most relevant. The identification of half or fully skeletonized human remains is a complex process and always requires the use of methods that allow individualization beyond any reasonable doubt. However, no matter how vigorous the search for identification, this is not always achieved. Here, the author presents two cases in which identification was exhaustively attempted but not achieved despite the existence of an osteo implanted device in one case and the presence of documents in the other. In one case, we could not find a potential identity for the deceased, while in the other we found a possible identity but not a family member to provide antemortem data to confirm it. Although the scientific literature tends to favour the publication of cases with favourable outcomes, one should also learn from failures, which is the reason why the author decided to publish his unsuccessful experiences. The reasons for the failures are discussed, as well as methodological improvements for future cases.     

试论知识产权犯罪被害机理研究方法

传统被害研究范式认为,犯罪之因和被害之果是一种有序的联系,在因果之间完全可以用逻辑推理作为沟通桥梁。但逻辑不是万能的,在刑事法领域中,刑事疑难问题单纯凭借对法规则的逻辑适用并不能得到令人满意的解决,还应当正式引入实证研究方法从被害人和被告人两个角度进行经验层面的研究。     

破坏野生动物资源类犯罪若干疑难问题研究

破坏野生动物资源类犯罪为法定犯。但由于行政法、刑法以及司法解释关于野生动物犯罪相关规定存在一定的冲突,特别是在动物保护等级、保护对象、升档标准等方面,导致司法实践在法律适用方面存在众多困难。而在司法实践中,关于动物犯罪案件司法鉴定、主观明知、违法性认识、证明标准等方面也存在不同的观点。