光复初期台湾善后救济分署业务经费问题之探析

台湾光复后,国民政府行政院善后救济总署台湾分署成立,负责台湾地区相关的善后救济工作.1945年11月-1947年5月,台湾分署利用联合国提供的各类物资,广泛开展善后救济工作.不过,由于国民政府财政紧张,无法从财政预算中保证各地区善后救济的专项拨款,台湾分署陷入经费紧张的困境.为了解决业务经费问题,台湾分署不得不大量平售善后救济物资,但联合国善后救济总署驻台人员从赈济立场出发,对分署平售物资提出各种异议,双方产生争执.从台湾分署业务经费的紧张状况、解决途径以及由此衍生的问题,可以看出光复初期台湾善后救济业务开展的艰辛,也为全面评价台湾善后救济分署的工作,提供了重要的参考.     

继承权法律保护的六个疑难问题探析

继承权对于继承人无疑具有特定的利益,也具有法律上之力,因此其权利的性质毋庸置疑。继承权的概念在结构上是完整的、统一的,只存在既得权意义上的继承权,不存在继承期待权。继承权在性质上不是权利能力,也不是财产权或者人身权,而是概括的取得权。继承自被继承人死亡时开始,而不是自继承人取得遗产时开始。继承权可以被侵害,因而具有可侵性。继承权侵害的主要保护方法是继承回复之诉而不是侵权之诉,二者存在着根本性区别。     

胍盐裂解液对自动化提取工作站DNA回收率的影响

目的研究不同稀释度胍盐裂解液对自动化提取工作站DNA回收效率的影响。方法制备不同浓度的DNA样本,并将EQ1000法医DNA提取试剂盒中的胍盐裂解液梯度稀释,在本实验室配置的自动化提取工作站上,运行＂工作站磁珠法＂提取程序,AB-7500型荧光定量PCR仪检测提取前后的样本DNA浓度。选取2～7号梯度组DNA回收效率数据进行统计学检验,比较不同稀释度胍盐裂解液的处理对样品DNA回收效率的影响。结果 90%～60%稀释度胍盐裂解液组样品回收效率在66%左右;50%～20%稀释度组样品DNA回收效率在41%左右;稀释度在50%以下与60%以上组样品回收效率之间差异极显著。结论应用＂工作站磁珠法＂提取生物检材DNA,其DNA回收效率受胍盐裂解液浓度的影响。     

State Response to Transnational Asset Accumulation: The Case of Argentina

Using the asset accumulation framework, and relying on interviews with civil servants working in the department of migrations for the Argentine government, this article addresses the response of the Argentine state to the accumulation and transfer of capital among Argentine emigrants. Contextualising the situation of Argentina in the ‘Latin American context', our primary focus is on four asset categories: financial, human, social and political. This inquiry identifies recent initiatives developed to approach Argentines residing abroad as well as some of the challenges faced by the Argentine state to ‘reconnect’ with emigrants.     

预防腐败:财产申报与强制性盲目信托制度相结合——以美国和台湾地区的实践为借鉴

政府公职人员以权谋私、贪污腐败是长期以来难以彻底解决的世界性难题。美国主要通过《政府行为准则法》建立了政府公职人员财产申报与盲目信托相结合的制度,预防公职人员的腐败;我国台湾地区也仿效推行官员强制信托制度,二者各有利弊。在我国设立财产申报与强制性盲目信托相结合的反腐败预防性法律机制完全可行,因为无论从物权法、侵权法还是信托法的角度来看,盲目信托在我国的推行都没有法律障碍。推行盲目信托制度作为一种事先预防机制,虽然一开始可能会增加部分监管成本,但是将其制度化之后,总体成本应该比事后监管要低。具体可由政府成立专门的机构制定细则,明确需要设立盲目信托的公职人员范围,确定受托人资质,由其对公职人员的财产进行投资和管理,并通过加强监管来弥补美国盲目信托制度中出现的漏洞。     

Macroscopic observations of the effects of varying fresh water pH on bone

Little is known about the decomposition of remains in aquatic environments of varying pH, and even less is known about the specific effects of these environments on bone. Bovine bones were placed in solutions of pH 1, 4, 7, 10, and 14 and observed over a period of 1 year. All solutions eventually removed or dissolved the soft tissues from the external surface of the bone. The pH 7 and pH 10 solutions had little effect on the bone, but the other solutions affected the bone to varying degrees. Extreme pH levels were the most destructive, while more moderate pH levels had lesser but significant and interesting effects. Empirical data on postmortem aquatic changes may be extremely useful in forensic contexts for both improving time since death estimates and also for providing better information to underwater recovery experts thereby potentially increasing the quantity and quality of remains recovery.     

STAR METRICS and the Science of Science Policy

STAR METRICS is a data platform that is being voluntarily and collaboratively developed by U.S. federal science agencies and research institutions to describe investments in science and their results. It initially emerged as a result of reporting requirements associated with the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act; it has developed in response to a recognized need to begin to systematically document federal investments in science and their immediate and long‐term results. The eventual goal is to draw information from existing data on scientific and economic activities as well as from research institutions' and federal science agencies' systems to provide data that can be used for a more scientific analysis of science investments and their outcomes.     

金融危机后的东南亚经济

本文论述与分析东南亚金融危机发生的带根本性的原因、东南亚各国经济所受金融危机影响的程度、特点不同的原因、它们所采取的应对政策、它们走向经济复苏的力度与特点不同的原因,最后对它们的经济前景作一些展望。     

债权让与的优先顺序与公示制度

债权让与的优先顺序,即债权让与对抗债务人以外第三人的效力问题,系债法上分歧最大的问题之一,事关保理、资产证券化等现代债权融资交易发展,且为拓宽中小企业、农户等弱势当事人融资渠道的关键因素之一,具有深层次社会经济意义。运用“制度内情境分析法”,依次考察让与主义、通知主义、登记主义三种主要制度对各方当事人及第三人的影响,可发现登记主义更为公平、更有效率。各国的历史与经验证据支持此结论。中国合同法对此未作规定,存在不足。物权法新创应收账款质押登记制度,越来越多的债权转让亦可能在该系统登记。未来有必要对债权完全让与及担保性让与采统一登记制度。债权让与登记制,表明公示原则为适用于一切财产权转让的基本原则,性质为财产法总则上的原则。     

追偿权的行使——从雇主责任的角度分析

当前,雇员侵权行为广泛存在,法律对其的规制体现在雇主责任制度上,雇主的追偿权只在《人身损害赔偿解释》中做了相关规定。基于司法实践的操作,应当推行雇主追偿权的法定化,雇主在承担了雇员致他人损害的赔偿责任后,在符合一定条件的情况下,得以向雇员进行全额或部分份额的追偿。因此,划分雇主和雇员之间的责任份额是重点,通说认为应当综合考虑雇主因侵权行为所受的实际损失、双方的收益和经济状况、双方的过错程度等三个方面的因素。对雇主追偿权的合理规定,可以平衡雇主和雇员双方的利益,从而有利于双方之间的和谐及社会的稳定。