著作权法中思想与表达两分法原则含义

思想与表达两分法原则被称为著作权法的基本原则。我国目前仅在《计算机软件保护条例》中对思想与表达两分法原则进行了规定,而著作权法却没有确立这一原则。有必要在著作权法中确立这一原则,并在司法审判中使用与之相配套的方法论。     

猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒非结构蛋白nsp4基因的表达及其产物的纯化

根据GenBank中已登录的猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)全基因组序列,设计合成了1对特异性引物,对PRRSV非结构蛋白nsp4基因进行了RT-PCR扩增,将回收的目的基因片段克隆到大肠埃希氏菌表达载体pET28a中,构建了重组质粒pET-nsp4,测序结果证实了重组质粒pET-nsp4的可靠性。将pET-nsp4转化至大肠埃希氏菌表达菌株BL21(DE3),用IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE结果表明,重组菌可表达分子质量约23 ku的蛋白。经镍离子亲和层析柱(Ni-NTA)纯化,获得了高纯度的重组蛋白,Western-blot分析结果表明,nsp4重组蛋白在大肠埃希氏菌系统中获得了正确表达。     

口蹄疫病毒P1 2A和3C基因重组逆转录病毒表达载体的构建

以A型口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)AV88(L)和XJ99株的P12X基因和AV88(L)3C基因的阳性克隆质粒为模板,用PCR扩增各基因片段,酶切后分步定向亚克隆至逆转录病毒表达载体pBABE-puro上经PCR、酶切鉴定及测序。结果表明,获得了2个含不同RGD基序的A型FMDV衣壳蛋白和蛋白酶基因的重组逆转录病毒表达载体pBABE-AV88(L)P1 2X3C和pBABE-XJ99 P1 2X3C,为研究安全、高效、低成本的FMDV空衣壳亚单位疫苗奠定了基础。     

Disputes about corporate expression absorption and their legal remedies

Corporate expression is the expression that a company gives to the outside in its capacity as a legal entity. Often referring to resolutions made by shareholder meetings and the board of directors, based on good faith and bound by contractual spirit, a company must be held liable for its expression. Corporate expression absorption refers to the corporate behaviors and situations wherein the majority voting shareholders and directors replace the will of the minority voting shareholders and directors within their own will. Among them, the majority voting shareholders at a shareholders’ meeting (shareholders’ general meeting) are decision-making shareholders, and directors, managers and other senior management staff that decide corporate affairs are called decision-making members. Corporate expression absorption consists of two sorts: absorption by shareholders’ meeting and absorption by the board of directors. Shareholders’ meeting is a company’s authoritative organization; when the voting rights of some shareholders exceed the statutory limit, they will be able to manipulate the expression of shareholders’ meetings and replace the will of other shareholders with that of their own. The expression absorption by the board of directors refers to the practice wherein the majority directors decide on important corporate matters in accordance with the majority rule. Thus, it can be seen that the corporate expression absorption is a double-edged sword, not only capable of uplifting operational efficiency but also likely to help decision-making shareholders achieve personal gains and transfer corporate interests. As for the disputes of corporate expression absorption, the following legal remedies might be adopted: (1) Limit the voting rights of decision-making shareholders. (2) Provide shareholders with veto power over specific events. (3) Ask the chambers of commerce (industry associations) to arbitrate specific events. (4) Preserve the market value of shares held by dissenting directors. (5) Expand cumulative voting; (6) Provide shareholders the right to exit. (7) Legal remedies for corporate deadlock. (8) Shareholders’ derivative lawsuits. __________ Translated from China Law, No. 4, 2005     

肉鸡胫骨软骨发育不良分子机理的研究进展

对参与肉鸡胫骨软骨发育不良的酶、生长因子、维生素D及其受体,基因表达水平进行了综述,它们形成一个复杂的网络调控系统。阐述了它们在肉鸡胫骨软骨发育不良中所起的作用和变化。认为对参与干扰软骨细胞分化的各种基因的深入研究将为基因选择、消除机能紊乱、防治胫骨软骨发育不良的发生开辟新的途径。     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌外膜蛋白基因的克隆和表达

以猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)血清7型25-4株基因组DNA为模板,用PCR扩增外膜蛋白(OMP)基因特异片段,并克隆于pMD 18-T中,经酶切及核苷酸序列分析鉴定后,亚克隆于原核表达载体pGEX-6P-1,成功构建了重组表达载体pGEX-omp;以此转化大肠埃希氏菌BL21(DE3),经SDS-PAGE鉴定,表达的可溶性融合蛋白分子质量约为61 ku,命名为GST-OMP。以GST亲和层析柱纯化并利用Xa因子酶解,获得切掉标签的OMP。经ELISA检测,该OMP蛋白能够与兔抗APP的阳性血清反应,具有很好的免疫活性。GST-OMP蛋白的成功表达为APPOMP相关分子生物学功能的研制奠定了基础。     

O型口蹄疫病毒VP1基因和牛集落刺激因子基因的融合表达

将O型口蹄疫病毒VP1基因和牛集落刺激因子(GMCSF)成熟肽基因共同克隆到原核表达载体pGEX6P1中,转化RS21后经IPTG诱导,实现了重组融合蛋白BoGMCSF/VP1在大肠埃希氏菌RS21中的高效表达,表达产物经SDSPAGE和Westernblotting分析,重组的蛋白质分子质量约为66ku,与预期大小相符。表达蛋白占菌体总蛋白的30%,表达产物以包涵体形式存在;包涵体提取物经变性复性,用透析方法提纯,得到高纯度的表达蛋白。     

猪圆环病毒2型武威株ORF2基因序列分析及真核表达载体的构建

根据GenBank中猪2型圆环病毒(PCV-2)的核酸序列,设计了1对引物,采用PCR方法从疑似断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)的死亡仔猪组织病料中扩增出了ORF2基因,将其克隆到pMD18-T载体上,筛选获得了重组质粒pMD18-T-ORF2。对此重组质粒进行序列测定分析,结果表明,克隆的ORF2基因与其他PCV-2的ORF2核苷酸序列同源性为92.0%~93.3%,推导氨基酸序列的同源性为82.9%~84.6%。重组质粒pMD18-T-ORF2经XhoⅠ和EcoRⅠ双酶切,将回收的ORF2基因转移入真核表达载体pIRES,成功构建了重组质粒pIRES-ORF2。     

绵羊肺腺瘤病毒NM株囊膜基因的定向克隆与融合表达

根据绵羊肺腺瘤病毒(SJRV) NM株基因组全序列,设计了 1 对包含囊膜(env)基因在内的引物,并在5′端分别设计了HindⅢ和 BamHⅠ酶切位点,利用 PCR技术扩增 env基因,通过连接反应将其克隆于pET 30b表达载体上。序列分析表明,env基因全长 1 836 bp,编码 612 个氨基酸残基;构建表达重组质粒env pET 30b,转化大肠埃希氏菌 BL21,经 IPTG于 37 ℃诱导培养,SDS PAGE电泳分析表明,表达的env基因融合蛋白分子质量约为69 ku。