Pig-mentation: postmortem iris color change in the eyes of Sus scrofa

Experienced forensic pathologists and examiners may be familiar with the phenomenon of postmortem iris color change; however, only Knight, Simpson's forensic medicine, Arnold, London, 1997; Ref. 1 and Saukko and Knight, Knight's forensic pathology, 3rd ed., Arnold, London, 2004; Ref. 2 have referred to it in the literature, and to date, there have been no published scientific research studies on this taphonomic artifact. A controlled experiment was conducted of postmortem changes to isolated Sus scrofa eyes. The eyes (n = 137) were separated into three groups and each sample was observed for 3-day postmortem at a different temperature. In addition, a Sus scrofa head was obtained to observe postmortem changes of eyes in situ. All isolated blue eyes in the experiment, at room temperature and higher, changed to brown/black within 48 h. The in situ blue eye, at room temperature, turned brown/black within 72 h. If iris color consistently changes postmortem in humans, then this taphonomic artifact must be incorporated into victim identification protocol, including disaster victim identification software, and autopsy reports to prevent inaccurate victim identification and inappropriate exclusion from the identification process.     

青少年骨关节X线片的骨龄研究

通过对11～16周岁女性及13～20周岁男性青少年左侧肩、肘、腕、髋、膝、踝关节拍摄X线片,进行了青少年的骨龄研究.根据骨骼生长发育的特点,提出了各大关节X线片判定骨龄的观察指标及分级标准,并使用SPSS软件包进行数据处理,建立了青少年利用6大关节骨骺愈合程度判定女性是否已满14周岁、男性是否已满16周岁或18周岁的判别分析方程.     

医疗事故罪认定之我见

医疗事故罪的认定,需要从犯罪的主体、主观方面、客观方面综合评定,并正确区分责任事故和技术事故。医疗事故鉴定结论在医疗事故罪的认定中有着重要的作用,但是医疗事故鉴定的程序、规则、组成人员等方面亟待改革。     

Anthropological analyses of 30 insertion/deletion autosomal markers in five major ethnic groups of Pakistan

We investigated the forensic efficacy of the 30 insertion/deletion (Indel) markers included in the Qiagen Investigator® DIPplex kit in 529 Pakistani individuals from five major subpopulations in Pakistan (Punjabi, Pashtun, Sindhi, Saraiki, and Baloch). In the Sindhi population, the distribution of HLD81 and HLD97 alleles deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction. The combined match probability ranged from 2.0E-12 (Pashtun and Baloch) to 1.0E-12 (Sindhi), and the mean paternity exclusion power varied from 0.995 (Punjabi, Sindhi, and Saraiki) to 0.996 (Pashtun and Baloch). The high combined power of discrimination (0.999 999 999 999 97) and low combined match probability (1.7E-12) for all subpopulations studied support the utility of the 30 Indel markers for forensic identification in the studied subpopulations. The allele frequencies of the Indel markers in the Pakistani subpopulations were compared with those from 18 other populations. The results show that the populations clustered according to geography. The subpopulations investigated in this work showed a close genetic relationship with others from Pakistan, as well as with South Central Asian and Middle Eastern populations. The results suggest that the Investigator^® DIPplex kit can be useful as a supplementary tool for human identification in the five Pakistani subpopulations investigated in this study.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2021.1933366 .     

犬细小病毒JL-(18)1/Beagle株的分离鉴定及遗传进化分析

为研究犬细小病毒(CPV)流行株遗传变异情况,本研究从吉林省某比格犬养殖场采集疑似CPV感染致死犬的肠道组织,将病料接种至F81细胞进行病毒分离,并通过电镜形态学、PCR、血凝试验及动物回归试验进行鉴定.结果显示,所分离的这株病毒在F81细胞中产生了典型CPV细胞病变(CPE);在电镜下可见病毒呈无囊膜、直径为20 n...     

指纹鉴定标准及鉴定结论概率化研究

指纹鉴定标准是指纹鉴定理论的核心内容之一.指纹鉴定理论和实践中形成的最低特征数量标准、质量—数量标准、面积—质量量化标准、拓扑学方法和标准、形态学方法和标准等均有其局限性.运用统计学理论和贝叶斯定理建立指纹鉴定结论概率化方法和评价标准,不仅在理论和实践上具有必要性和可行性,而且也可以避免指纹鉴定标准之争,使指纹鉴定从经验走向科学.通过统计每枚指纹平均细节特征数量和每类特征的出现率,可以计算出两枚指纹匹配的概率值,进而对概率结论的可靠性作出分析评断.     

三七破壁饮片质量分析

目的 建立三七破壁饮片的质量控制方法。方法 参考2015年版《中华人民共和国药典》相关检测方法,对10批三七破壁饮片的性状、显微特征、薄层鉴别、指纹图谱及其水分、灰分、浸出物、重金属、粒径分布以及人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Rg1、三七皂苷R1的含量等进行检测,建立三七破壁饮片的质量控制方法。结果 三七破壁饮片为灰褐色至灰黄色的颗粒,气微,味苦回甜。显微镜下可见淀粉粒甚多,单粒圆形、半圆形或圆多角形,直径4~30 μm,脂道碎片含黄色分泌物,导管碎片较少。薄层鉴别显示,10批样品在与对照品色谱相应的位置上,均显示相同颜色的斑点。水分范围为5.05%～9.82%,总灰分范围为2.96%～3.20%,酸不溶性灰分范围为0.52%～1.19%,浸出物含量范围为21.03%～27.78%,每0.01 g样品中未破壁细胞数为46~81。指纹图谱显示,各批次三七破壁饮片的色谱图相似度为0.879~0.996。粒径分析显示,各样品D90为34.09~38.93 μm。10批样品中人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1、三七皂苷R1总含量为6.9%～8.3%。结论 建立的方法可用于三七破壁饮片的质量控制。     

徽州地区菊花的指纹图谱鉴别及其评价研究

目的 采用高效液相色谱法建立徽州地区菊花的指纹图谱,鉴别菊花不同品种类型,更好地评价徽州地区贡菊的质量。方法 采用Topsil HPLC C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),乙腈(A)-0.1%磷酸水(B)为流动相梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为325 nm,建立20批徽州地区菊花的指纹图谱,采用相似度评价、聚类分析及主成分分析方法对数据进行分析。结果 20批菊花样品之间相似度在0.703～0.989之间,不同品种菊花可分别聚为一类,主成分分析确定3个主成分,方差累积贡献率达82.401%。结论 本实验建立的指纹图谱精密度、稳定性、重复性良好,可为徽州地区菊花的内在质量控制与品质评价提供初步的研究基础。     

侦查实验相关问题探讨

作为侦查学原理中必须涉猎的内容,侦查实验在诸多方面尚缺乏全面、系统的研究。本文通过对侦查实验的界定,侦查实验的分类,侦查实验与审判实验和审查起诉实验的异同,侦查实验的法律规制等相关理论问题的粗浅探讨,希望对其理论甚至实践操作体系的日臻完善,能有抛砖引玉之效。