猪流感病毒广东株的分离鉴定及其特性

对广东省 2 5个猪场有呼吸道症状的 30～ 6 0日龄仔猪 ,用棉拭子采样 ,接种鸡胚分离病毒。经鉴定 ,7株为H1N1亚型毒株。对其中 3株分离株的形态学、部分理化特性和生物学特性的研究结果表明 ,病毒粒子在透射电镜下为杆状、丝状、椭圆形及圆形 ,大小为 80～ 12 0nm ;血凝素(HA)均为热不稳定型 ;均不耐热且对乙醚、氯仿敏感 ;均能凝集公鸡、豚鼠、兔、大白鼠、山羊等动物红细胞 ,对小白鼠红细胞的凝集性有所不同 ,均不凝集牛和猪红细胞 ;经绒毛尿囊腔接种 9日龄鸡胚 ,不能导致鸡胚死亡 ,EID50 分别为 10 — 6 .17/ 0 .2mL、10 - 5.83/ 0 .2mL、10 - 4.4 3/ 0 .2mL ;经鼻腔途径感染小白鼠 ,均未导致小鼠出现症状和死亡 ,接种后第 14d在部分存活的小鼠血清中可检出病毒抗体。     

细胞色素b基因序列测定进行种属鉴定应用研究

目的建立细胞色素b基因序列测定进行种属鉴定的方法。方法应用特异性引物扩增人与14种常见动物细胞色素b基因14817～15174区间长度为358bp的片段,用荧光标记自动测序技术对此片段进行序列测定,比较这些动物与人之间片段的序列差异。结果所有血痕样本均可以得到良好的测序结果,所测14种动物细胞色素b基因358bp的片段序列与人之间均存在明显的差异,最小为20.1%,最大差异为28.5%。结论测定细胞色素b基因序列进行种属鉴定特异性强、适用检材广,具有良好的应用价值。     

概率论在司法证明中的应用分析

目前 ,概率原理在司法证明中处于一种尴尬的地位。概率论无论在证据分析方面还是证明标准方面都具有普适性 ,问题在于必须科学地建构概率原理在司法证明中的操作性标准 ,信度理论或许可以为此构建做出有益的贡献。     

论有限公司股东的股权继承与股东资格继承

我国《公司法》第76条的规定应该解释为对死亡股东继承人股东资格的取得而设。可以认为,自然人股东死亡后,若公司章程没有相反的规定,其继承人或继承人的代理人可以马上向公司申请办理股东变更手续。为此,我国公司立法应该进一步明确公司有义务在合理的时间内办理股东变更手续,否则推定继承人取得股东资格。     

Forensic human identification: Investigation into tooth morphotype and DNA extraction methods from teeth

When a body is decomposed, hard tissues such as teeth may provide the only DNA source for human identification. There is currently no consensus as to the best DNA extraction method, and there is a lack of empirical data regarding tooth morphotype and condition that may impact DNA recovery. Therefore, this study sought to investigate which variables significantly improved DNA concentration, integrity and profiling success. A total of 52 human teeth were assessed, representing all tooth morphotypes from three deceased individuals. DNA was extracted using both the QIAamp® DNA Investigator Kit and the phenol-chloroform method. DNA concentration and degradation index were assessed using real time PCR, prior to conventional DNA profiling. Contrary to international guidelines promoting the use of molars, DNA profiling from molars was the least successful, with premolars, followed by canines, performing the best. The presence of fillings reduced the DNA quantity and quality obtained and may explain the poor performance of molars. DNA from the maxillae were significantly less degraded when the QIAamp® was used, although this did not influence DNA profiling success. A significant increase in DNA concentration, integrity and profiling success was observed in diseased teeth (periodontitis) compared to those without disease. This may be due to increased white blood cell presence at the site. There was no significant difference in DNA profiling success between the two DNA extraction methods. However, different teeth yielded failed DNA profiles for each extraction method, suggesting that repeated attempts, using alternative DNA extraction methods, is recommended. The recovery of additional DNA profiling information from degraded samples may help to ultimately reduce the burden of unidentified human remains.     

Application of fragment analysis based on methylation status mobility difference to identify vaginal secretions

Identifying vaginal secretions attaching or adhering to a suspect’s belongings would be beneficial for reconstructing the events that have taken place during a sexual assault. The present study describes a novel approach to identify vaginal secretions by fragment analysis using capillary electrophoresis, based on the mobility differences of PCR amplicons from bisulfite-treated DNA depending on methylation status. We targeted three genome regions including each of three vaginal secretion-specific methylated CpG sites reported previously: cg25416153, cg09765089, and cg14991487. In all three genome regions, the amplicon peaks for methylated genomic DNA (gDNA) sequences were only detected in vaginal samples, whereas samples of other body fluids (blood, saliva, semen, and deposit on skin surface) only showed amplicon peaks for unmethylated gDNA sequences. In vaginal secretions, the methylation ratio of each of the three targeted regions between samples was variable, while the ratios at the three regions in each sample were similar. Furthermore, commercial vaginal epithelial cells were completely methylated at the three regions. Therefore, vaginal secretion-specific methylation may derive from vaginal epithelial cells present in the sample.In forensic cases with a limited amount of DNA, the reproducibility of a detected peak using the present method is not high due to degradation of DNA by bisulfite treatment and subsequent stochastic PCR bias. However, it was possible to detect peaks from methylated DNA sequences by performing PCR and capillary electrophoresis in triplicate after bisulfite treatment, even when bisulfite treatment was performed using 0.5 ng of gDNA from vaginal secretions. In addition, the level of methylation at each targeted region was found to be stable in vaginal secretions stored for 1 year at room temperature. Therefore, we conclude that detection of the visual peak from vaginal secretion-specific methylated DNA sequence is useful to prove the presence of vaginal secretions. This approach has the potential to analyze multiple marker regions simultaneously, and may provide a new multiplex assay to identify various body fluids.     

Sequential vote choice: Applying a consideration set model of heterogeneous decision processes

This article analyzes the relative effects of a classic set of long-term and short-term determinants of party choice by treating voters' decision processes as a two-stage heterogeneous process. Departing from a consideration set model of voting behavior (CSM), we use panel data collected in Sweden in 2014 to analyze which voters considered voting for more than one party. To evaluate the CSM approach we estimate the relative effects of long-term and short-term determinants, for different parts of the electorate and at different stages of the decision process.Results confirm that the choice process for the ‘considering kind’ of voters is influenced by another mix of long-term and short-determinants than stable and party identified voters. Findings suggest that continued analyses of multi-stage decision making may bring new insights into electoral behavior. We argue that the core ideas of CSM – the sequential decision-making process and heterogeneity in the impact of long-term and short-term determinants – are generally applicable for analyses of voting behavior.     

铁路行车影响下形成头部道碴创的特点与鉴别

目的总结铁路行车影响下形成的头部道碴创之形态特点,探索其与一般头部钝器打击创的鉴别方法。方法对1994～2008年间怀化、长沙铁路公安处管辖内发生的因铁路行车的影响形成了头部道碴创的损伤案例从创的分布特点、创角的锐利程度、创缘的挫伤、创壁的光滑程度、创的深度、颅骨的损伤特点等方面进行分析,并与常见棍棒、锤类、石头等钝器打击头部形成的创相比较。结果与打击时受害者处于相对静止状态不同,铁路行车影响下人体头部所形成的道碴创是在头部处于运动中形成;两者由于致伤机理不同,导致头部创呈现不同的特征。结论铁路行车影响下形成的头部道碴创具有独特的特征,可与头部钝器打击创鉴别。     

浅析医疗纠纷案件久拖不决的原因及对策建议

随着我国依法治国方略的不断践行，法制宣传教育的不断深入，公民的法律意识、维权意识在不断提高，医疗纠纷案件也逐年增加。影响案件解决的因素复杂、多样，本文主要从调解解决、司法鉴定环节、法院诉讼几个阶段分析造成医疗纠纷案件久拖不决的原因以及提出相应的对策建议。