论公民基本权利效力的结构特点——兼辨宪法私法化与宪法司法化

公民基本权利的效力主要由公法效力(直接效力)及私法效力(间接效力)两个层面所构成,而这两个不同层面的效力分别为宪法司法化和宪法私法化提供了正当性基础。公民基本权利效力结构二元性是指公民基本权利同时具有公法效力和私法效力。其基本秩序是以公法效力为主、私法效力为辅。中国宪政的选择应以近代立宪课题为重心,以宪法司法化而不是宪法私法化为宪政实践的真正方向。     

试论确定民事主管范围的基本原则

探讨确定民事主管的基本原则无论在理论上还是实务上都具有比较重大的意义.确定民事主管的基本原则主要有四个,即法定原则、保护性原则与有限性原则并重原则、适度司法能动原则和司法最终解决原则.     

加强刑侦"三基"工程建设提升打击犯罪整体水平

公安部将2006年定为“基层基础建设年”,要求全国公安机关“抓基层、打基础、苦练基本功”,打牢公安事业长远发展的基石,提高公安工作和公安队伍建设的整体水平。如何把握这一机遇,深入开展刑侦“三基”工程建设,真正实现“固本强基”的根本目的,是当前各级公安机关特别是刑侦部门亟待思考和解决的问题。笔者认为抓好刑侦“三基”工程建设,应重点在深化认识上下功夫,切实增强抓刑侦“三基”工程建设的积极性和主动性;在科技强侦上下功夫,不断提高侦查破案的科技含量;在信息导侦上下功夫,努力培育新的破案增长点;在刑侦专业基础上下功夫,增强破案打击的发展后劲;在教育培训上下功夫,努力适应新的执法环境。     

试论新形势下公安机关基层基础工作规律特点及改进对策

当前,随着社会和科技的发展,社会治安的不断复杂化,公安基层基础工作呈现出一些新的规律和特点。如何科学地把握这些特点和内涵,有效加强和改进公安基层基础建设,为公安工作长久发展奠定坚实的基础,已成为急需解决的问题。     

浅谈基层基础建设中应处理好的几个关系

抓好“三基”工程建设,必须与各项公安工作特别是中心工作、重点工作有机结合,相互促进,协调发展。为此,在加强基层基础建设工作中,应正确处理好全局工作、打防建设、科技强警、群防群治、队伍建设等工作之间的关系。     

民族地区女性罪犯矫正的现实困境及路径研究——以广西N监狱为例

自上世纪90年代以来,我国女性罪犯数量呈明显的上升趋势,在押女犯结构也发生了较大的变化,监狱应根据罪犯矫正工作的实际情况,针对女犯特点开展教育矫正工作,积极探寻突破困境的有效对策,创新监管模式,不断提高矫正女犯的质量和水平,推动监狱管理工作顺利开展。     

基本公共服务均等化治理:从“缩小地区间财力差距”到“提升人民群众获得感”

我国基本公共服务均等化已经开始从"缩小地区间财力差距"迈向"提升人民群众获得感"的治理新时代。本文围绕充分性和均衡性重新审视了我国基本公共服务均等化面临的新问题,并围绕"政府调节→基本公共服务均等化→人民群众获得感提升"主线,从理论上探讨了基本公共服务均等化治理框架及需要突破的难点。研究指出:(1)我国基本公共服务均等化治理,指向人民群众获得感最大化的目标嬗变是前提,追求获得感提升带来行政效能的制度保障是关键,理清"投入-产出-感知"链条并形成内外联动的3E绩效体系是重点;(2)技术上需要突破两点:一是以"基本"范畴和"均等"程度为起点,分别构建满足充分性和均衡性的绩效指标体系,二是获得反映人民群众获得感的基本公共服务大数据信息。     

How to share and utilise expertise in a police forensic department through externalisation and mutualisation

The technique of fire investigation is a forensic domain in which expertise and analogies play a central role. To learn how fire investigators use these analogies to support their work, we conducted an ethnographic study in a Swiss forensic police department. To propose a suitable knowledge-management strategy, we also evaluated the knowledge conservation and sharing within the department. Our results highlighted that actionable knowledge is registered mainly in the investigators’ memories of a few, very experienced, individuals. Without experience with fire-incident investigations, an agent generally requires help from a more experienced colleague, who will then use his memory to find a similar case, which can contribute to the solution of the ongoing one. The research also established that knowledge is exchanged orally during on-site investigations and that knowledge receivers are generally those who are present on the scene. Using these findings, we suggest building a case library to support the externalisation and sharing of knowledge.     

The Scharff technique: training military intelligence officers to elicit information from small cells of sources

ABSTRACT

Studies have demonstrated the efficacy of the Scharff technique for gathering human intelligence, but little is known about how this efficacy might vary among different samples of practitioners. In this training study we examined a sample of military officers (n?=?37). Half was trained in the Scharff technique and compared against officers receiving no Scharff training. All officers received the same case file describing two sources holding information about a terrorist attack. University students (n?=?74) took the role of the semi-cooperative sources. Scharff-trained officers adhered to the training as they (1) aimed to establish the ‘knowing-it-all’ illusion, (2) posed claims as a means of eliciting information, and (3) asked fewer explicit questions. The ‘untrained’ officers asked many explicit questions, questioned the reliability of the provided information, pressured the source, and displayed disappointment with the source's contribution. Scharff-trained officers were perceived as less eager to gather information and left their sources with the impression of having provided comparatively less new information, but collected a similar amount of new information as their untrained colleagues. The present paper both replicates and advances previous work in the field, and marks the Scharff technique as a promising technique for gathering human intelligence.     

论道德与和谐社会

道德建设是社会主义和谐社会建设的重要组成部分.这是由道德的社会功能,即调节功能、教育功能、自律功能、舆论监督导向功能和执政合法性的维护功能所决定的.道德可以为和谐社会提供观念基础、精神支撑、强大动力和有利保障.所以,建设社会主义和谐社会,应坚持继承优良传统与弘扬时代精神相结合的原则;坚持效率与公平相协调的原则;坚持洋为中用,融合发展的原则;坚持开拓创新,与时俱进的原则.