Democracy,Veto Player,and Institutionalization of Sovereign Wealth Funds

Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) have become important and controversial in global economy. We analyze why some SWFs have more encompassing and clearly specified governance rules than others. We argue that SWF institutionalization is structurally rooted in a country’s regime type and number of veto players in public policymaking. Democracy promotes SWF institutionalization by its need for strong rule of law, voters trying to constrain opportunistic behaviors of politicians, and the free flow of information. In contrast, the number of veto players has a curvilinear effect. When the number of veto players is very small, institutionalization is too rigid, constraining, and not preferred; when the number of veto players is moderate, it is optimal for veto players to manage their conflict over SWF governance in a more routine and institutionalized fashion; and when the number of veto players grows above a threshold, it becomes too costly to coordinate and produce mutually agreeable institutional rules. Our empirical analysis of 46 SWFs in 30 countries from 2007 to 2009 provides robust confirming evidence. SWF governance is more institutionalized and transparent in democracies and in countries with four veto players. Our research has important theoretical and policy implications for the ongoing debate over SWF.     

试析涉外文化财产所有权争议中的法律适用问题

文化财产是人类精神文明的产物,也是社会物质文明的载体。随着文化财产市场化进程的深入,其跨国流转现象愈发频繁。无论是通过正常合法途径交易,还是被非法移转至别国买卖,都可能出现文化财产的所有权争议。由于各国实体法中有关善意取得制度的规定不同,在解决争议时就需要进行法律选择,如何确定支配文化财产归属的准据法便成为关键的国际私法问题。“物之所在地法”、“原属国法”以及“最密切联系原则”是各国实践中常用的指引准据法的依据,通过对它们进行利弊分析,能够总结出一些国际经验,为我国立法完善提供参考。     

刑事诉讼中科学证据认证研究

在我国,科学证据的使用范围越来越广泛,而由于缺少完善的证据体系,侦查人员对科学证据的审查认定,主要限于其相关性,即审查是否具有能够证明案件事实的能力,是否真实可靠,而对于其可釆性,即是否具有证据资格的审查,则存在两方面的问题:第一,仅限于对鉴定意见形式要件的审查;第二,对其所依据的认证理由不予公开。     

The Structure of Material Evidence Authentication Rules

The authentication rules of material evidence is very important for justice. The core of authentication system of real evidence is storage chain rules. We can only accept the evidence in the condition of legally custodian, evidence collected under legal procedure, the transfer without delay, the transport under control, the suitable environment. The authentication system of real evidence also contents the exception of storage chain rules.     

刑事瑕疵证据补正规则的完善路径

对瑕疵证据进行补正不仅是为了满足厘清案件事实与保障基本诉权的现实需要,也是稳定社会秩序与实现程序正义的必然要求。欲有效降低瑕疵发生之频率,需规制侦查取证之流程与拓宽监督取证之形式。不仅如此,立法还需发力,一方面可将被追诉者对瑕疵的明示同意增设为治愈瑕疵的路径之一,另一方面应当明确救治瑕疵之程序。为提高侦查人员救治瑕疵的积极性,不妨赋予法官一项处罚建议权。     

我国应实行实质商法主义的民商分立——兼论我国的商事立法模式

我国法学界对于如何处理民法与商法的关系、如何处理或建构我国商事立法模式存在着较大的争议和分歧。论文通过对四种不同形态的商事立法模式的阐释 ,对我国商事立法模式抉择的争议进行了评析 ,主张我国应实行以《商法通则》为统率的实质商法主义的民商分立。     

国际私法中的识别问题初探

识别是国际私法的一个基本问题。在涉外民事案件的处理中,识别冲突是普遍存在的现象。识别冲突具有多方面的成因,解决识别;中突的理论也各有千秋,但也均有不足之处。识别问题不仅对适用冲突规范具有意义,而且对确定管辖也有影响。     

村规民约“农嫁女”征地补偿的困境与出路—以人权保障为视角

人权的核心理念在于维护人之为人的尊严,自由与平等的和谐统一是和谐人权的本质特征与必然要求。“农嫁女”征地补偿歧视与村民自治的矛盾是村规民约“农嫁女”征地补偿困境的主要表现,这种困境的实质在于自由与平等价值的背离。村规民约“农嫁女”征地补偿保障的出路,应以和谐人权为其宪政依据,只有通过对和谐人权意识的培养才能逐步建立完善村规民约“农嫁女”征地补偿保障的相关制度。     

从“证据法学”走向“证明法学”——证据法学研究的基本趋势

英美法系国家的证据理论正在将关注的重点由证据可采性规则转向证明过程。大陆法系国家的证据理论关注的重点始终在于证明规则。我国的证据理论先后经历了萌芽阶段、"以证据为中心"的阶段以及"证据与证明并重"的阶段,到本世纪初又有了新的发展,呈现出"以证明为中心"的态势。证据法学研究的基本趋势是从"证据法学"走向"证明法学",我国未来的证据法学研究必须顾及到这种研究重心的转移。