国际贸易中的竞争规则及其新发展

随着反竞争行为对国际贸易消极影响的深化,而现存的应对反竞争行为的方法与途径又存在局限性,国际社会需要通过竞争规则的多边协调,来实现真正的贸易自由化。笔者认为,以“实现贸易自由化”为联系点,在WTO框架内拟议竞争规则是可行的,也是必要的。同时应注意竞争规则的模式选择、国际合作的加强及对发展中国家的待遇问题。     

论我国物权变动规则的交错

我国物权变动规则的立法呈现出一种形式主义和意思主义相互交错的状态.这不仅与我国物权法所承载的多元价值或功能有关,而且还表明了单纯形式主义规则就此的功能阙如.因此需要综合考虑具体的物权类型各自的功能和特质,并依此分别采用形式主义和意思主义的物权变动规则,方能圆满实现物权法所欲达成之价值目标.     

数字证据的程序法定位--技术、经济视角的法律分析

基于证据在程序中的重要地位以及证据与社会发展息息相关的紧密关联,要促进程序法在数字时代的发展,首先要研究的便是数字技术对包括民事、行政、刑事证据在内的程序证据制度的影响.使用"计算机证据"、"电子证据"概念并不能科学地归纳出这种证据的内涵,而"数字证据"概念则更符合其本质特征.在证据类型上,数字证据与书证、视听资料等已有证据类型颇不相同,是一种新的独立的证据类型,并且,在证据规则上,数字证据具有与其数字技术特性相应的新规则.     

犯罪本质的新诠释

犯罪本质论具有理论和实践价值。关于犯罪本质主要有社会危害性说、法益侵害说和伦理规范违反说,但社会危害性说和法益侵害说存在不同的问题。本文主张基本伦理规范违反说,刑法立法和司法中的若干问题可以证明该说的合理性。     

《铁路法》中刑事罚则适用问题研究

《铁路法》刑事罚则所规定的有些内容与现行《刑法》的相关规范之间存在着法律冲突问题,同时二者间还存在着特别规定与一般规定、新法与旧法的关系,而且其法律位阶上也有差异。研究表明,《铁路法》中刑事罚则的内容已纳入现行《刑法》,已为现行《刑法》的相关内容所吸收和替代,因此其刑事罚则的内容实际上已失去原有的立法价值。     

Gendering the vote for populist radical-right parties

ABSTRACT

Why do more men than women vote for populist radical-right (PRR) parties? And do more men than women still vote for the PRR? Can attitudes regarding gender and gender equality explain these differences (if they exist)? These are the questions that Spierings and Zaslove explore in this article. They begin with an analysis of men's and women's voting patterns for PRR parties in seven countries, comparing these results with voting for mainstream (left-wing and right-wing) parties. They then examine the relationship between attitudes and votes for the populist radical right, focusing on economic redistribution, immigration, trust in the European Union, law and order, environmental protection, personal freedom and development, support for gender equality, and homosexuality. They conclude that more men than women do indeed support PRR parties, as many studies have previously demonstrated. However, the difference is often overemphasized in the literature, in part since it is examined in isolation and not compared with voting for (centre-right) mainstream parties. Moreover, the most important reasons that voters support PRR parties seem to be the same for men and for women; both vote for the populist radical right because of their opposition to immigration. In general, there are no consistent cross-country patterns regarding gender attitudes explaining differences between men and women. There are some recurring country-specific findings though. Most notably: first, among women, economic positions seem to matter less; and economically more left-wing (and those with anti-immigrant attitudes) women also vote for the PRR in Belgium, France, Norway and Switzerland; and, second, those who hold authoritarian or nativist views in combination with a strong belief that gays and lesbians should be able to ‘live their lives as they choose’ are disproportionately much more likely to vote for PRR parties in Sweden and Norway. Despite these findings, Spierings and Zaslove argue that the so-called ‘gender gap’ is often overemphasized. In other words, it appears that populist radical-right parties, with respect to sex and gender, are in many ways simply a more radical version of centre-right parties.     

从“证据法学”走向“证明法学”——证据法学研究的基本趋势

英美法系国家的证据理论正在将关注的重点由证据可采性规则转向证明过程。大陆法系国家的证据理论关注的重点始终在于证明规则。我国的证据理论先后经历了萌芽阶段、"以证据为中心"的阶段以及"证据与证明并重"的阶段,到本世纪初又有了新的发展,呈现出"以证明为中心"的态势。证据法学研究的基本趋势是从"证据法学"走向"证明法学",我国未来的证据法学研究必须顾及到这种研究重心的转移。     

村规民约“农嫁女”征地补偿的困境与出路—以人权保障为视角

人权的核心理念在于维护人之为人的尊严,自由与平等的和谐统一是和谐人权的本质特征与必然要求。“农嫁女”征地补偿歧视与村民自治的矛盾是村规民约“农嫁女”征地补偿困境的主要表现,这种困境的实质在于自由与平等价值的背离。村规民约“农嫁女”征地补偿保障的出路,应以和谐人权为其宪政依据,只有通过对和谐人权意识的培养才能逐步建立完善村规民约“农嫁女”征地补偿保障的相关制度。     

Theoretical criteria for online consumer behaviour: web-based communication exposure and internal psychological behavioural processes approaches

Various theories, theoretical viewpoints and models on consumer behaviour stipulate consumers’ offline and online behaviour when purchasing a product or using a service. This article deviates from the purchasing perspective and instead proposes an information and web-based communication message ‘seeking and consumption¹ perspective. This new perspective is theoretically grounded in two new approaches to online consumer behaviour: the web-based communication exposure and internal psychological behavioural processes approaches; as well as the integration of various theoretical perspectives, approaches, theories and models that address fragments of offline and online consumer behaviour. The research problem is to address the existing limited and fragmented approaches, because existing purchasing perspectives arguably do not provide adequate theoretical criteria to explain online consumer behaviour during interactive information-seeking and consumption activities. Hence, the main aim of this article is to propose new theoretical criteria for online consumer behaviour to address these shortcomings.