摹拟画像在刑侦中的应用

在当代刑侦中,摹拟画像技术和相关软件系统显得越来越重要。利用摹拟画像技术及其高科技软件系统,不仅可以快速破案,还可以进行模糊图像再现、毁损颅像整容、颅像补位重合及颅像还原,是刑侦破案中重要的武器。     

Assessment of Maceration Techniques Used to Remove Soft Tissue from Bone in Cut Mark Analysis

Maceration techniques employed in forensics must be effective without compromising the bone's integrity and morphology, and prevent destruction of evidence. Techniques must also be fast, safe, easily obtainable and inexpensive; not all techniques currently employed are appropriate for forensic use. To evaluate the most suitable approach, seven techniques including current and new methodologies were applied to fresh, fleshed porcine ribs exhibiting cut marks. A sample size of 30 specimens per technique was examined under scanning electron microscopy at the cut mark and the surrounding uncompromised regions; a scoring system of effectiveness was applied. The previously unpublished microwave method fared best for bone and cut mark preservation. Sodium hypochlorite destroyed cut marks, and was deemed unsuitable for forensic analysis. No single technique fulfilled all criteria; however, this study provides a benchmark for forensic anthropologists to select the most appropriate method for their situation, while maintaining the high standards required by forensic science.     

A Silver‐Stain Modification of Standard Histological Slide Preparation for Use in Anthropology Analyses

The traditional histology method typically employed by forensic anthropologists involves plastic embedding of undecalcified bone. The embedded sample is then cut by a diamond blade saw and ground to the required thickness of ~50–100 microns using a grinder. There are several limitations to this method: Cement lines may be blurred; depth‐of‐field artifacts may result from viewing thick sections; and medicolegal offices with limited budgets may not be able to invest in additional equipment or training for this method. A silver nitrate stain modification of the standard histology preparation technique of decalcified bone is presented. The benefits of this technique are that: Cement lines are viewed clearly; no depth‐of‐field artifacts are present; and because this is a modification of the standard technique used by histology laboratories typically employed by medicolegal offices, no additional equipment or training is required.     

德国竞争法的欧洲化改革——《反限制竞争法》第7次修订述评

德国《反限制竞争法》第7次修订的主要目的是为了实现与欧盟竞争法进行协调和对接。修订后的《反限制竞争法》在实体和程序规定上均发生了重大的变化,原来有着德国特色的许多具有独特价值的制度在此次修订中被废止,取而代之的是欧盟竞争法的相关规定,显示了非常明显的欧洲化特征。     

刑事责任年龄认定存在的问题及对策研究

由于立法上缺乏刑事责任年龄认定标准;司法实践中户籍资料、被告人供述和辩解、证人陈述和骨龄鉴定认定依据均存在问题;刑事证据采纳标准和司法成本影响刑事责任年龄的认定,从而导致犯罪嫌疑人尤其是未成年人刑事责任年龄的认定处于不确定状态。对此,立法上应明确规定认定刑事责任年龄的法律依据;司法实践中,严格户籍管理,适当运用骨龄鉴定,严格遵守证据的采信规则,合理规划司法成本。     

柔嫩艾美球虫扬州株SO7抗原基因表达条件的研究

通过RT-PCR扩增柔嫩艾美球虫YZ株折光体SO7抗原基因,并进行克隆和测序。将不含信号肽编码区片段的SO7基因克隆入表达载体pGEX-6p-1谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶基因的下游,构建表达质粒pGEX-6p-1-SO7,转化宿主菌BL21,获得重组菌。通过建立生长曲线,对诱导条件的摸索,根据SDS-PAGE确定融合蛋白的最佳表达条件。通过融合蛋白切胶免疫小鼠制备超免疫血清,经间接ELISA检测其与E.tenella子孢子抗原反应的特异性。结果显示,诱导时机和诱导时间是影响表达的主要因素,诱导温度、IPTG浓度次之;诱导时机以3 h为最佳,诱导时间以4.5 h为最佳;诱导温度以37℃最佳,0.008~1.000mmol/L的IPTG对表达量的影响不大。在优化的表达条件下,表达产物主要以包涵体存在,表达量占菌体总蛋白的37.5%。间接ELISA结果表明融合蛋白具有一定的免疫原性,保留了天然蛋白的部分抗原性。     

Genetic polymorphism at 15 tetrameric short tandem repeat loci in four aboriginal tribal populations of Bengal

POPULATIONS: This study reports the genetic polymorphism observed at 15 short tandem repeat loci D3S1358, TH01, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, CSF1PO, vWA, D8S1179, TPOX, D2S1338, D19S433, and FGA in four aboriginal populations of Bengal. The analysis was performed to decipher the suitability of CODIS as well as six other highly polymorphic and unlinked markers in Forensic Testing. Studied populations include four tribes: Karmali, Kora, Maheli, and Lodha.     

Morphometrics of the hyoid bone for human sex determination from digital photographs

The identification of unknown remains is very important. When unknown remains are found, anthropologists first determine their sex and age. The sex of most skeletons is determined by their shape. In the hyoid bone, the shape is sex related, so it can be used forensically to determine the sex. This study focused on sex-based morphometry of the hyoid bone in Koreans using digital photographs. Hyoid bones from 52 males and 33 females were examined. For each subject, we took 34 measurements from photographs using a computer program, and the data were analyzed statistically using SPSS 11.0. Twenty-one of 34 measurements had significant sex differences (p<0.05). The discriminant functions based on three measurements (X(1)-X(3)) were as follows: The accuracy of discriminant functions is 88.2% in both groups, so these can be used to distinguish males from females in a statistically significant manner.