Ballistic impact of hollow-point ammunition on porcine bone

Identifying failure mechanisms in skeletal tissue allows a deeper understanding of the effects of specific projectile impacts on bone. While ballistic trauma in flat bones is largely researched, knowledge of how long bones react to gunshot impacts is limited in the literature. The impacts of deforming ammunition appear to produce higher levels of fragmentation; however, these have not been studied in depth. This study compares the damage to femora bone by HP 0.357 and 9 mm projectiles constructed with both full and semi-metal jackets. Impact experiments were undertaken on a single-stage light gas gun involving the use of a high-speed video camera and full reconstruction of the bones to ascertain fracture patterns occurring in the femora. Higher degrees of fragmentation are likened to the presence of semi-jacketed HP projectiles than jacketed HP projectiles. The observations of external facing beveled edges are believed to be associated with the increased separation of the jacket and lead core of projectiles. Additionally, experimentation has shown that the amount of kinetic energy lost postimpact is likely related to the presence or the absence of a metal jacket on an HP projectile. The observed data, therefore, suggest that the composition, rather than the configuration, of a projectile affects the type and extent of the damage.     

根据股骨组织形态学变化进行骨骼种属鉴别

目的通过对成年人、成体黄牛、马、家猪、山羊、绵羊、狗、猫、长毛兔、鹅、鸭、鸡共12个种属动物股骨组织形态学结构特征的研究,建立一个有效的各类动物间种属鉴别的方法。方法在征得家属同意后,在尸检中取成人(20岁以上)右股骨中段约4cm,同时,收集黄牛、马、家猪、山羊、绵羊、狗、猫、长毛兔、鹅、鸭、鸡共11种常见动物右腿股骨,取中段约4cm,脱钙后制作成骨组织切片,在光学显微镜下观察,将显微镜下的图像录入电脑,选取24个指标进行分析。结果人与其他动物、以及各被检动物之间在骨单位数量等13个指标上具有显著差异,用这些指标建立种属判别数学模型,结果这些动物之间的判别率也可达89.4%。结论股骨中段骨密质的组织学结构具有明显的种属特征,且骨单位形态和数量呈现明显的生物进化趋势。根据这些特征可以有效地进行种属鉴别。     

女性主义：七夕诗阐释的现代维度

现代人将七夕诗单一地理解为“情诗”,我们有必要对七夕诗进行多维度的阐释。如果从女性主义的视角将七夕诗加以解读,可以发现,七夕的重要仪礼——“乞巧”,是当时少女们生活希冀中对爱情的价值认同;七夕诗中表达得最丰富的爱情,其实是妇女求得身份平等的情感承诺;而男女不同诗人所作的七夕诗,在视角转换中可以明显看出男人和女人眼中的“女性”有别而情有所同。     

论八七会议

八七会议是一次有充分思想准备和组织准备的紧急会议。八七会议具有四个特殊性：局势极其险恶,代表身份多样,会期非常短暂,即定方针会前先行。八七会议的特殊性造成了它的局限性。八七会议是中国共产党加强自身建设、不断完善自我的一次重要实践。     

81例外伤性鼻部骨折的特点及其法医学鉴定分析

研究鼻部损伤后骨折的特点、确诊的方法及法医学鉴定的相关问题。 81例以鼻部外伤为主诉 ,经鼻骨拍摄X线侧位片 ( 62例加做鼻部CT扫描 )检见有鼻骨骨折的患者 ,进行法医临床学鉴定分析。单纯性线性骨折 19例 ,骨折移位者 11例 ,粉碎性、多发性骨折 4 0例 ,鼻骨骨折伴上颌骨额突骨折或 (及 )伴眶骨骨折 11例 ;轻伤 58例 ( 72 % ) ,未构成轻伤 2 3例 ( 2 8% )。多数鼻骨骨折为粉碎性、多发性 ,且可伴有其它部位骨折。鼻骨X线侧位片只能明确部分粉碎性骨折及部分移位明显的骨折 ,CT扫描能确定鼻部骨折形态。     

从偷税罪到逃税罪的立法演变分析

偷税罪在我国的刑事立法中经历了一个从无到有,由抽象、笼统、单一、欠缺到具体、明确、科学、完善的历史发展过程。《刑法修正案(七)》对刑法典第201条规定的偷税罪从行为方式、构罪标准、法定刑等多方面进行了重大修改,并实行有条件的初犯补税免罪机制。同时,罪名也被修改为逃税罪。     

用MSCT沿鼻骨斜面多平面重组技术鉴定鼻骨线性骨折

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)沿鼻骨斜面多平面重组(MPR)技术在鼻骨线性骨折法医学鉴定中的应用价值。方法以MSCT轴位平扫和沿鼻骨斜面多平面重组(MPR),对98例头面部外伤患者进行检查。结果 MSCT轴位平扫诊断:鼻骨正常和线性骨折(单侧或双侧)分别为29例和69例,阳性率70.4%。MSCT沿鼻骨斜面多平面重组(MPR)复诊:鼻骨正常的和线性骨折分别为19例和79例,阳性率80.6%。结论采用MSCT沿鼻骨斜面多平面重组技术可发现常规MSCT轴位平扫未能检见的鼻骨线性骨折,对法医学鉴定具有更高的应用价值。     

Sudden Unexpected Death Due to Left Subclavian Artery‐esophageal Fistula Caused by Fish Bone

A 53‐year‐old woman was admitted to the hospital due to unexpected dizziness and died the following morning. To investigate the cause of death, a forensic autopsy along with histological examination was performed 3 days after her death. The major findings of the autopsy were that a fish bone had pierced the left subclavian artery after perforating the esophagus with 680 mL of blood in the stomach and bloody and tarry contents were present in the intestines, and the cause of death was confirmed to be subsequent hemorrhagic shock. Unfortunately, none of her family realized that she had eaten a fish 4 days before the tragedy until the fish bone was found. The present case is rare and instructive. The histopathological findings of left subclavian artery‐esophageal fistula induced by a fish bone can be used as a reference in forensic practice.     

Bone Area Histomorphometry

Quantifying the amount of cortical bone loss is one variable used in histological methods of adult age estimation. Measurements of cortical area tend to be subjective and additional information regarding bone loss is not captured considering cancellous bone is disregarded. We describe whether measuring bone area (cancellous + cortical area) rather than cortical area may improve histological age estimation for the sixth rib. Mid‐shaft rib cross‐sections (n = 114) with a skewed sex distribution were analyzed. Ages range from 16 to 87 years. Variables included: total cross‐sectional area, cortical area, bone area, relative bone area, relative cortical area, and endosteal area. Males have larger mean total cross‐sectional area, bone area, and cortical area than females. Females display a larger mean endosteal area and greater mean relative measure values. Relative bone area significantly correlates with age. The relative bone area variable will provide researchers with a less subjective and more accurate measure than cortical area.     

Full STR profile of a 67-year-old bone found in a fresh water lake

DNA extraction from and DNA typing of fresh water-exposed aged bone specimens poses a challenging task and is not very well examined. This study presents a new method to extract typable DNA from such problematic bone specimens. The procedure comprises low-heat drilling and cryogrinding, mild lysis conditions, and silica-column-based DNA cleaning. DNA quantity is assessed by quantitative PCR prior to short tandem repeat (STR) amplification. The procedure was employed with a 67-year-old tibia bone fragment recovered from a fresh water lake and succeeded to produce a full STR profile using the MPX-SP1 and MPX-SP2 mini-STR kits and a partial profile with 12 successfully amplified STRs using the Identifiler STR kit. The new method for the extraction of DNA from aged fresh water-exposed bone specimens presented herein was successfully applied to prepare DNA of sufficient quality and quantity to generate a full STR profile.