崭新的维度与异域的陷阱——论毕淑敏《蓝色天堂》的范式开拓与审美缺陷

《蓝色天堂》的出版可谓一个文化信号,它昭示着中国知识分子的思考从大陆文化转向海洋文化,从被动开放走向主动开放,在思想空间、写作范式和审美内容上均开辟了崭新的维度。作品以化抽象为具象、化晦涩为生动的表述方式,突破了文学传统对情、景、理关系的定义,思考所及既有人与神的关系,也有人与自然的关系,更有人与人的关系,融合了多种文明的特点,是开放的中国在文学上的映照。然而,《蓝色天堂》也存在显而易见的缺陷:对异域风情的渲染流于浅表,且多有失度。     

Justice for All? Accountable Translations of Texts on Indigenous Law

ABSTRACT

This article addresses challenges arising from the guarantee in South Africa's Constitution (1996) of continued use of indigenous law. This law has been handed down in oral form, but increasingly, written sources are needed when cases relating to indigenous law are heard in South Africa's higher courts. Although access to this kind of information is vital to empowerment and justice in Africa, wider access is hampered by different literacy levels and language differences. This article examines accountable translation into English of legal anthropological texts, referring to a case study on law practised among the Nkuna of Ritavi to demonstrate some of the complexities. The article considers the Anglo-American translation tradition's preference for idiomatic translation (paraphrasis) rather than word-for-word faithfulness (metaphrasis). It advocates focusing on the Skopos (purpose) of texts negotiated with the author. It also proposes foregrounding the hermeneutic engagement of translators as readers. For the text in the case study, it suggests two translations, for two audiences: one into an academic register (for academics, legal experts, and educated members of the Nkuna community), and one into Plain English (mainly for members of the Nkuna community for whom English is a second language). To address political dimensions of responsible translation, metatextual strategies espoused by feminist translators to increase translators’ visibility and accountability can be used, and postcolonial translation theory should be considered.     

A model for the translation of news agency texts (Sapa) for radio (OFM) news

Abstract

Radio news differs from news provided by other media. According to Oosthuizen (1996), radio is an alerting medium. Leiter, Harriss and Johnson (2000) refer to this attribute as immediacy. The time available to news is very limited and this is why radio news stories are condensed into only a few sentences. Furthermore, news for broadcast is written in a conversational style, because it is heard and not read. Simple, short sentences are used; adjectives and adverbs are kept to a minimum; and strong, active verbs are used rather than passives. In the case of news wires, such as the South African Press Association (known as Sapa), news reports are written for print media. Therefore, bulletin producers need to edit these texts according to the requirements for radio news. In a bilingual or multilingual newsroom a more problematic situation arises, namely that all these texts (originally intended for use in print) need to be translated for a radio news bulletin and the radio station's specific audience. This article aims to describe how translation is used in the operational functioning of a radio newsroom, with a specific focus on OFM – a bilingual commercial radio station broadcasting to the Free State, Northern Cape, North West and southern parts of Gauteng, in South Africa. OFM's bulletin producers therefore not only edit news texts, but also translate them from English into Afrikaans. Certain strategies are followed to edit the original texts, but as there are also translation processes involved and specific translation problems which need to be addressed, appropriate translation strategies need to be identified. This study uses Christiane Nord's functionalist model (specifically her looping model) to describe the broad methodological framework in which these translating and editing (or transediting) processes take place at OFM. The study and findings will also show how certain elements of the looping model need to be adjusted in the translation of Sapa texts for OFM News.     

回归伦理学——翻译伦理研究的未来之路

自贝尔曼以来,翻译伦理成为翻译理论研究领域的一个重要学派,但短暂的繁荣之后,翻译伦理研究进入了相对的低谷期,近年未能出现重大突破和新的理论建树。分析现有的主流翻译伦理研究与思想,可以发现它们面临困境的主要原因是研究对象、内涵与方法缺乏统一性,各研究未形成合力。作为伦理学的特殊分支,翻译伦理可以从伦理学学科发展、架构、概念和研究方法中汲取营养,构建翻译伦理研究的整体框架,即从元翻译伦理、规范翻译伦理和美德翻译伦理三个方面描述翻译伦理研究的全貌,确定翻译伦理研究的对象、内涵和逻辑方法。     

从跨文化角度析品牌翻译

品牌是商品的识别标志,而其翻译是实现商品国际化最根本的途径。品牌翻译是一种跨文化的交际方式,涉及许多跨文化因素。品牌翻译过程中常使用的几种翻译方法有音译法、直译法、意译法、音直结合法、音意结合法以及调整法等。把握中西文化因素对品牌翻译的影响作用,对开拓商品市场、取得商品进一步的销售渠道是十分有必要的。     

新时期城市社区文化品牌的价值维度和构建路径

在新时期，社区文化建设是实施文化强国战略的落脚点，要搞好社区文化建设，就必须创建或塑造社区文化品牌。社区文化品牌的创建或塑造具有多方面的价值，集中体现在文化资源配置、社区认同培育和文化软实力构建三个维度上。基于转型期社会结构和传播方式的转变，社区文化品牌建设应当遵循新的构建路径，在内涵凝炼、过程重构、渠道拓展三个方面进行积极而有效的探索。     

知识管理在工会管理应用中的创新型研究

在知识经济时代，知识发挥着越来越重要的作用，实践证明，隐性知识更是一种重要的知识资源。如何将隐性知识转化为可以共享的显性知识，为工会管理工作服务，是当前工会管理工作的一个发展趋势。本文提出了基于知识管理的工会管理策略模型。实验证明，该策略模型可以加快工会管理隐性知识转换速度，大大提高工会管理工作的效率，具有较高的推广和应用价值。     

Communication of A. P. Chekhov‘s Novels in U.K.

The article throws light upon the emergent situation in England near the close of the 19th century, when the necessity to “import” Russian literature, particularly of the prose of A. Chekhov was gradually becoming a prominent factor in the cultural development in the whole Europe. Figured in this process of the reception of Russian literature, intermediaries from both Russian and French literary circles become the objects of special attention. The Russians, such as L. Tolstoy and O. Novikova, are given as examples of those who played key roles in direct literature contacts between Russia and England, meanwhile, the French authors, like Maupassant and Zola, are considered as the front runners for the interaction of the two literatures. The typological parallels between Russian and English literature are explained through A. Veselovsky’s theory of the “meeting of opposing currents”. The concept of a double, complex reception of Chekhov in England will be developed. On the one hand, Chekhov’s reception will be linked with his evolving reputation in Russian criticism (first, “Russian” Dickens, later “Russian” Maupassant) and, on the other hand, associated with the multiple, potentially conflicting needs of the English literary community (including writers, critics, and readers). These responses can be identified in part by those English participants attending to contemporary French influence in the Russian “flood” and others approaching uniquely English problems by directly seeking out Russian literary authorities.     

编辑队伍素质与高校社科学报质量关系论略

当前高校学报期刊大多面临定位不准、缺乏办刊特色、办刊机制不完善等问题。要解决这些问题,提高学报的学术地位与吸引力,提高编辑人员素质则是关键。高素质的编辑队伍,必须具备合理的知识结构,能在读者和作者之间架起沟通的桥梁,能够有强烈的品牌意识,打造特色栏目。     

Letters of love and loss in a time of revolution

While significant attention has been paid to migrant letters, usually as part of a correspondence over time, the single letter has received little attention as it has been suggested that it cannot reveal a depth of psychological insight. However, at times of crisis such as the upheaval of revolution, a single letter may provide insight into the confluence of revolution and family life. Three letters written by different members of one family present firstly, the chaos of family where the whereabouts of family members remain unknown and use coded references to family and friends as the ending of the 1956 revolution created an exodus from Hungary. The letters, written by family remaining in Hungary to a refugee mother and her young daughter, address loneliness and loss across the generations and provide evidence of the irrevocable loss of family ties and friends at the time, as an amnesty for those who left only came into effect in 1963. The letters present linguistic issues in relation to translation, ethics and the position of researcher/recipient with reference to the analysis of the letters which presents personal knowledge of their writers in the form of biographical information.