Odor analysis of decomposing buried human remains

This study, conducted at the University of Tennessee's Anthropological Research Facility (ARF), lists and ranks the primary chemical constituents which define the odor of decomposition of human remains as detected at the soil surface of shallow burial sites. Triple sorbent traps were used to collect air samples in the field and revealed eight major classes of chemicals which now contain 478 specific volatile compounds associated with burial decomposition. Samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and were collected below and above the body, and at the soil surface of 1.5-3.5 ft. (0.46-1.07 m) deep burial sites of four individuals over a 4-year time span. New data were incorporated into the previously established Decompositional Odor Analysis (DOA) Database providing identification, chemical trends, and semi-quantitation of chemicals for evaluation. This research identifies the "odor signatures" unique to the decomposition of buried human remains with projected ramifications on human remains detection canine training procedures and in the development of field portable analytical instruments which can be used to locate human remains in shallow burial sites.     

对《刑法》第277条有关问题的认识

新《刑法》第277条的规定及该条规定在适用过程中存在以下问题:1郾两高司法解释对该条确定的罪名不当,应确定为四个罪名,即阻碍国家工作人员执行职务罪,阻碍人大代表执行职务罪、阻碍红十字会工作人员履行职责罪和阻碍执行国家安全工作任务罪;2郾该条第4款在刑法理论及逻辑上存在矛盾,应将阻碍安全工作任务罪与拒绝履行国家安全义务罪分列。另外,新《刑法》第242条的规定纯属多余,应予删去。     

宪法的人权保障机制研究

保障人权是宪法的终极价值。本文讨论了宪法保障人权的机制 ,认为宪法通过宏观上控制国家权力和微观上规定基本权利的内容 ,形成有机的宪法人权保障机制。历史地看 ,宪法对人权的保障突出从宏观上的国家权力控制到微观上的正面规定基本权利的转变。我国宪法与现代宪法有暗合之处 ,但有需要改进的地方。     

The Effects of Soil Texture on the Ability of Human Remains Detection Dogs to Detect Buried Human Remains

Despite technological advances, human remains detection (HRD) dogs still remain one of the best tools for locating clandestine graves. However, soil texture may affect the escape of decomposition gases and therefore the effectiveness of HDR dogs. Six nationally credentialed HRD dogs (three HRD only and three cross‐trained) were evaluated on novel buried human remains in contrasting soils, a clayey and a sandy soil. Search time and accuracy were compared for the clayey soil and sandy soil to assess odor location difficulty. Sandy soil (p < 0.001) yielded significantly faster trained response times, but no significant differences were found in performance accuracy between soil textures or training method. Results indicate soil texture may be significant factor in odor detection difficulty. Prior knowledge of soil texture and moisture may be useful for search management and planning. Appropriate adjustments to search segment sizes, sweep widths and search time allotment depending on soil texture may optimize successful detection.     

刑法第13条但书的适用范围

刑法第13条但书的适用范围应该是有所限制的,根据行为性质及刑事立法对具体犯罪的规定方式,但书的适用可以区分为三种不同的情况:对于以情节进行定量限制的犯罪,绝对不能适用但书;对于危害国家安全的犯罪、性质严重而分则务文中没有定量限制的犯罪以及性质较轻但分则条文中附加定量限制的犯罪,一般不能适用但书;对于性质较轻而分则条文中又没有定量限制的犯罪,则可以适用但书.尽管但书的适用范围有限,但并不能因此而否定其价值并主张将其予以废除.     

对董事选任和分类董事会问题的思考

很多学者认为,股东选任董事是一种强制性的规范,但这并不意味着公司章程对选任董事的任何限制性规定都是无效的。股东同意的局限性可能使公司章程的某些条款难以反映股东的真实意思,但我们不能因此就禁止公司章程对董事选任作任何具体安排,应该允许公司在股东监督董事的基本框架内,设计各自的治理制度。对于公司章程中分类董事的规定是否有效,需要我们具体考察其是否剥夺了股东对董事的监督权,而不能一概认为是无效的。     

对60课版《新概念英语》第四册部分篇目标题翻译的不同看法

60课版的《新概念英语》第四册,是中国大学生中非常流行的英语读物,但其部分篇目标题的中文翻译存在不少值得商榷之处。     

中国公文的汉字文化学管窥

中国文章史 ,实乃发轫于公文之作。倘从汉字文化学的角度加以审视 ,入“文”以观“化” ,出“文”而入“化” ,可以发现中国公文蕴含着诸多社会学、宗教学、文化人类学、民俗学、民族学等妙趣横生的文化信息 ,并在汉字文化学中孕育、更迭而昂然成为文章之大者 !