Achilles' heels of governance: Critical capacity deficits and their role in governance failures

This article assesses the usefulness of conceptions of policy capacity for understanding policy and governance outcomes. In order to shed light on this issue, it revisits the concept of governance, derives a model of basic governance types and discusses their capacity pre‐requisites. A model of capacity is developed combining competences over three levels of activities with analysis of resource capabilities at each level. This analysis is then applied to the common modes of governance. While each mode requires all types of capacity if it is to match its theoretically optimal potential, most on‐the‐ground modes do not attain their highest potential. Moreover, each mode has a critical type of capacity which serves as its principle vulnerability; its “Achilles' heel.” Without high levels of the requisite capacity, the governance mode is unlikely to perform as expected. While some hybrid modes can serve to supplement or reinforce each other and bridge capacity gaps, other mixed forms may aggravate single mode issues. Switching between modes or adopting hybrid modes is, therefore, a non‐trivial issue in which considerations of capacity issues in general and Achilles' heel capacities in particular should be a central concern.     

论现代科技对侦查的影响

现代科技对侦查的影响是全面而深刻的。对侦查的对象——刑事犯罪的影响体现为：在手段方面进行科技化改造,在领域方面促使其进一步增大;对侦查能力的影响体现为对侦查技术的进一步提升及对侦查理念的进一步拓展;对侦查法治的影响体现为侦查法治的文明化程度不断提升与现代科技为侦查法治带来了一些争议性问题;对侦查学的影响体现在侦查学和刑事技术学的融合和分化的发展过程。在现代科技的语境下,刑事侦查要辩证地对待现代科技的影响,促进侦查能力、侦查法治和侦查学的发展。     

Public opinion towards welfare state reform: The role of political trust and government satisfaction

The traditional welfare state, which emerged as a response to industrialization, is not well equipped to address the challenges of today's post-industrial knowledge economies. Experts and policymakers have therefore called for welfare state readjustment towards a ‘social investment’ model (focusing on human skills and capabilities). Under what conditions are citizens willing to accept such future-oriented reforms? We point at the crucial but hitherto neglected role of citizens’ trust in and satisfaction with government. Trust and satisfaction matter because future-oriented reforms generate uncertainties, risks and costs, which trust and government satisfaction can attenuate. We offer micro-level causal evidence using experiments in a representative survey covering eight European countries and confirm these findings with European Social Survey data for 22 countries. We find that trust and government satisfaction increase reform support and moderate the effects of self-interest and ideological standpoints. These findings have crucial implications not least because they help explain why some countries manage – but others fail – to enact important reforms.     

Implications of Pseudologia Fantastica in Criminal Forensic Evaluations: A Review and Case Report

Pseudologia fantastica, a psychological phenomenon that has been described in the literature for at least a century, is an understudied and poorly understood entity. Sometimes referred to as pathological lying, pseudologia fantastica involves disproportionate fabrication that may be present for many years or a lifetime. In a forensic context, it can significantly complicate the evaluation of capacity to stand trial and, in certain jurisdictions, criminal responsibility. We review the current literature regarding pseudologia fantastica and present a case to highlight the clinical and forensic challenges it may create. We specifically discuss the complications that pseudologia fantastica may have on the assessment of a defendant's rational ability to consult with an attorney, a required element of capacity to stand trial. In addition, we discuss the implications of pseudologia fantastica in the evaluation of criminal responsibility.     

习近平国家制度与法律制度思想论要

习近平国家制度与法律制度思想是马克思主义国家与法的学说中国化进程的最新重大理论成果,实现了马克思主义国家与法的学说中国化的第三次历史性飞跃.面对许多具有新的历史特点的伟大斗争,习近平以马克思主义的巨大理论勇气和坚韧行动意志,从历史与现实、理论与实践的有机结合上,深入分析了推进当代中国国家制度与法律制度建设的重大意义,精...     

论警察执法能力建设与和谐社会的构建

人民警察执法能力是党的执政能力在公安工作中的具体体现。社会主义和谐社会作为党的执政能力建设的主要任务,理 应成为人民警察执法能力建设的重要内容。人民警察必须加强执法能力建设,切实担负起巩固共产党执政地位、维护国家长治久安、 保障人民安居乐业的重大政治和社会责任,为社会主义和谐社会的构建作出应有的贡献。     

公民基本权利野视下国家义务的边界

国家义务直接来源于公民基本权利,是公民基本权利的根本保障。然而国家义务并不是绝对的,国家义务以国家权力为运行动力,过度强调国家义务将导致自由丧失殆尽,强调基本权利研究范式转变的同时必须研究国家义务边界。从国家层面看,国家理性和国家能力决定了国家义务所能达到的最大场域;从基本权利层面看,公民基本权利的保护范围和公民基本权利的功能是对国家义务的边界进一步的具体化;从具体法律原则层面看,法律保留原则、比例原则、程序正义原则与公共利益原则决定着国家的实然义务边界。然而,确定国家义务边界并非一蹴而就的事情,还需注意国家义务边界是开放的而非封闭的,确定国家义务边界的各种机制应有共同的目标模式,国家保障基本权利应适时。     

信贷歧视、产能过剩与中国经济波动：基于金融冲击的视角

通过建立民营企业与国有企业间存在信贷歧视的动态随机一般均衡模型,考察金融冲击的宏观经济效应。研究结果表明,尽管积极性金融冲击有助于实现宏观经济稳定,但信贷歧视削弱了积极性金融冲击的宏观经济效应,忽略信贷歧视评价金融冲击的影响将导致结论偏误。在此基础上,进一步考虑了由信贷歧视引致的产能过剩问题的影响。结果显示,产能过剩进一步削弱了积极性金融冲击的实际效应,并扩大了其对通胀等名义变量的影响。而二阶矩分析的结果则表明,信贷歧视以及由信贷歧视引致的产能过剩加剧了宏观经济波动,降低了实际变量的持续性,同时提高了通胀惯性的影响。因此,为有效发挥积极性金融冲击的作用,稳定宏观经济,需要采用相关政策有效缓解信贷歧视以及产能过剩问题。     

Review of Logic of Local Government Behavior in China

It is an important task to study the logic of behavior of local governments for interpretation of the “password” of national governance and promotion of modernization of national governance system and governance capabilities. From the perspectives of structure-function, governance processes and organizational system, the paper reviews the behavioral logic of local government over the past decade. It concludes that institution is a core element which affects local government behavior, and research transforms from the determinism which formal national governance system plays a decisive role over the local government to mutual construction of central governments, local governments and local social institution, from normative research to empirical research, from a macro-level to meso-level, from organization to organization field. In the future, empirical and comparative studies are recommended, focusing on the process of generating, strengthening, weakening or re-institutionalizing in inter-governmental or organizational interaction, for more exploration into the general logic of local government behavior.     

法国商事法律制度中夫妻商事能力和商事责任研究

[摘要] 夫妻配偶在当代社会都获得了商事能力，可以共同或者单独从事商事活动；夫妻商事能力的获得是男女平等原则在商法领域的反映，体现了社会的进步；夫妻在从事商事活动时除了要享有相应的权利之外还应承担众多的义务和责任；为了保护与配偶商人从事商事交易活动的第三人的利益，配偶商人应当承担公示夫妻财产制的义务。