区域协调发展与资源、环境可持续发展动力机制探究

实现区域协调发展与资源、环境可持续发展是构建区域整体和谐发展的要求。要实现区域整体和谐发展必须要解决动力机制不足问题。目前存在的资源、环境可持续发展激励机制不健全,区域生态补偿机制缺失,区域协调发展体制机制不完善,区域资源、环境纠纷解决机制不健全等,需通过建立和完善政府主导力、市场引导力、公众监督约束力、环境文化推动力、区域生态补偿力、纠纷化解保障力来实现我国区域协调发展与资源、环境可持续发展。     

试析警察临战武力使用的裁量过程和因素

由于法律文本的局限和警察执法活动的复杂性,自由裁量广泛存在于警察执法活动中。警察武力使用中的裁量决定了警察是否使用武力,以及使用何种武力、怎样使用武力。与一般警察自由裁量相比,这一裁量更为特殊和困难。分析警察临战武力使用的裁量过程和影响裁量的关键因素,以更好地指导、规制警察临战武力使用行为,对警察武力使用训练与执法实践有着重要意义。     

禁止重复追诉相关概念辨析

法学界,既判力、一事不再理和禁止双重危险的界定一向不尽清晰,在理论与实践中均造成了一定的混乱。既判力的基本目的乃是确保实体判决之确定性和终局性,禁止法院就既决事项进行相互矛盾的实体审判,具有实体法的效果,客观上产生一事不再理的效果;一事不再理仅具有程序性效力,约束就同一诉讼标的再行起诉或审理;禁止双重危险主要是保护人民的权利,间接达到确保判决终局性的目的,不以实体判决为前提,且具有争点效。三者有很大不同,不能相互替代、混同使用。     

论侵权责任中不可抗力范围的限定

我国《侵权责任法》第29条规定不可抗力可以作为侵权责任的抗辩事由。对于不可抗力的范围,《侵权责任法》没有给予明确的界定,为了便于对权利人进行救济、维持侵权责任构成要件的明晰性,应当对不可抗力的范围进行明确的界定。可以通过对不可抗力的内涵与判断标准进行界定,来达到限定不可抗力范围的目的,同时应当严格限制不可抗力在严格责任中的适用。     

论抽象危险犯的正当性——以醉驾入刑为视角

抽象危险犯是将一种具有典型危险性的行为直接规定为犯罪的犯罪形态。醉驾入刑体现了抽象危险犯的提前保护法益、规范行动指引、充分发挥国家在风险社会中的管理职能等价值,具有很强的必要性和实效性。为了防止刑罚的过度扩张,亦有必要对抽象危险犯作一定限制,完善醉驾的定罪标准。     

工作执法一网考：公安机关绩效考核的创新与实践

广东公安机关的“工作执法一网考”队伍管理考核模式在理念思路、技术方法、实践成效等方面都取得了突破与创新,为新形势下推动公安队伍管理考核工作的全面创新与持续发展提供理论支持和实践经验。     

The ‘us vs them’ mentality: a comparison of police cadets at different stages of their training

ABSTRACT

Any depiction of police culture includes a strong ‘us versus them’ element, but research has been unable to satisfactorily explain its development and evolution. In particular, very few studies have focused on the training period, between when an individual chooses a police career and his/her first day as an officer. A total of 1,979 pre-university students from seven colleges in Quebec (Canada) completed a self-administered survey where they had to answer general questions about the police followed by specific questions about four realistic videos of fictional police interventions involving use of force. Unsurprisingly, the analysis suggests that students in Police Technology tend to think they are more supportive of the police and the use of force than students in other programs. However, students in Police Technology increasingly indicate that the majority of people would report a more negative opinion than they have, suggesting that police candidates increasingly disidentify with the rest of the population.     

Fatal suicidal injury of a radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula

A 59-year-old man was found dead in his living room. His body was covered with blood, but the only injury found was a 31-mm-long, transverse incision on the radial surface of the left forearm. Autopsy revealed that the injured vessel was an enlarged cephalic vein from a radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (RC-AVF) that had been created 23 years before for hemodialysis. Cephalic vein injury is usually not fatal, but circumstantial evidence, autopsy, and histological findings suggested that hemorrhagic shock and death occurred within a short time after the self-inflicted incised wound. This may be explained by the blood flow rate in the RC-AVF, which can reach 12 ml/s; this is 25 times higher than the normal cephalic vein blood flow.     

Stress-related temporary hearing loss--evaluation of bio-humoral parameters: forensic and criminological applications

The body-alarm reaction results from the activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which can lead to physio-psychological phenomena such as an exclusion/occlusion of the sense of hearing. One hypothesis to explain this alteration consists in a hydromechanical dysfunction of the internal ear attributable to antidiuretic hormone. In this study, we evaluated the perception of acoustic stimuli administered in stressful conditions in 14 phobic patients and in 20 healthy subjects, in order to assess the influence of stress on perceiving capabilities. We also measured the concentration of salivary cortisol and IL-1β and neurovegetative parameters to objectivise and quantify the physiological reactions. Our results show a worse perception of the frequencies of the human voice under stress; these findings could have a dual value: in the legal field, concerning criminal liability, and on the operative context, regarding the efficiency of verbal communication among law enforcement officers in situations inducing intense emotional stress.     

Driving under the influence of amphetamine-like drugs

Scientific opinions differ whether the use of stimulants causes deterioration in driving skills. In 1857 of 8709 cases of driving under the influence of drugs, amphetamine-like drugs (amphetamine, methamphetamine, and methylendioxyamphetamine) were present either alone or together with other licit or illicit drugs. In 338 cases, amphetamines were the only psychoactive substance group in plasma at mean, median, and highest concentrations of 0.18, 0.12, and 1.05 mg/L, respectively. A widespread opinion is that after the consumption of amphetamines, centrally stimulating effects with corresponding consequences on safe driving are expected. In contrast, many cases were observed that rather suggested an influence of centrally sedating substances when considering the psycho-physical conditions. Relations between concentration and effect could not be established. The apparent sedation is probably the consequence of sleep deprivation during an amphetamine binge and the after-effects of the drug.