“不得作为定案根据”条款的学理解析

由于我国的刑事证据立法及司法解释欠缺指导理论,在立法和司法解释制定过程中也未能清晰界定基本的证据法概念,刑事诉讼法和司法解释中将各类不同的证据规则都以"不得作为定案根据"条款的形式进行规范。从证据法理上可将我国的"不得作为定案根据"条款大致分为四类,即狭义的非法证据排除规则、证据的客观性保障规则、证明力评价规则、严格证明规则。对于这四类规则,要分别从法理出发探讨其合理性及适用问题。对于狭义的非法证据排除规则来说,要对其进行合理的解释,以典型案例等有效方式对其实践适用进行指引;对于证据的客观性保障规则来说,要使其具有必要的灵活性,并改变其适用方式;对于证明力评价规则来说,那些对法官采信证据形成不当限制的规则要根据具体情况谨慎适用;对于严格证明规则来说,要将严格证明解释为一个独立的成为定案根据的条件,并且完善举证质证方式、心证公开等配套措施。     

邓小平与社会主义动力学说的理论创新

社会主义社会的发展动力是重大的实践问题，也是邓小平理论的重要组成部分，邓小平理论继承了包含社会基本矛盾，阶级斗争和人民群众三大范畴的马克思主义动力学说，并在此基础上对这一学说有所发展和超越。正是“改革是中国的第二次革命”、“科学技术是第一生产力”、“先富带动共富”、“两手抓，两手都要硬”等我们耳熟能详的科学命题构成了邓小平社会主义动力学说体系的主体框架，并反映了整个邓小平理论体系所反映的时代精神和创新实质。     

人类社会发展的两个原动力

社会发展的原动力,历来有多种说法,实事求是地讲,从宏观角度看即人民群众日益增长的物质民主文化需求,从微观角度看是个人的利己性和利他性。其根源在于人的物质属性与社会属性,在于自然界生存竞争即适者生存过程中个体选择与群体选择的对立统一。对这个需求的不断满足,利己性和利他性的不断发挥作用,有力地推动着科技生产力的发展和阶级斗争的进取,推动着人类社会的整体演绎。对这个问题的深入探析,有助于促进科学发展观以人为本理念的贯彻,促进社会主义民主与法制建设,促进社会主义市场经济体制健康发展,和谐社会务实构建。     

最高人民法院裁判、司法解释的法律地位

The decisions and the legislative interpretations of judicial interpretations of the Supreme Court of China can be considered as a part of Mainland China’s customary law, and carried by decisions and judicial interpretations. Customary law is the very source of its normal force and they are supposed to be an informal source of the law for they have the required characteristics for substantiating customary law. Accordingly, the legislative judicial interpretations and decisions of the Supreme Court that are qualified to be promulgated in the Gazette of the Supreme Court should be standardized by the requisites of customary law and have the quality supposed to be universally fair. Cao Shibing is a senior judge of the Supreme Court of China majoring in civil law, and he was awarded the doctorate of law by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Till now, he has published an amount of academic works, for instance, On Anti-monopoly Law (1996), Resolve of the Problems in the Suretyship Law of China and its Prospect (2001), On Insolvency Law of China (2003), and his translated book in Chinese (1998) —The Death of Contract (originally written by Grant Gilmore in 1995).     

论爱国主义的时代价值

当代中国,爱国主义的重大主题和根本价值在于推进中国特色社会主义伟大事业。爱国主义是走向国家富强、实现民族复兴的核心精神价值;是坚持中国特色社会主义道路的深厚精神力量;是坚持改革开放、推动科学发展的基本价值准则。     

Suicide by Cop Among Officer-Involved Shooting Cases

Abstract: The frequency and characteristics of suicide by cop cases (SBC) among a large (n = 707) nonrandom sample of North American officer-involved shootings (OIS) were investigated. “Suicide by cop” is when a subject engages in behavior which poses an apparent risk of serious injury or death, with the intent to precipitate the use of deadly force by law enforcement against the subject. Thirty-six percent of the OIS in this sample were found to be SBC with high interrater agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.93) for category classification. SBC cases were more likely to result in the death or injury of the subjects than regular OIS cases. Most SBC cases were spontaneous, but had clear verbal and behavioral indicators that occurred prior to, and during the event. Findings confirm the trend detected in earlier research that there was a growing incidence of SBC among OIS. SBC individuals had a high likelihood of possessing a weapon (80%), which was a firearm 60% of the time. Half of those with a firearm discharged it at the police during the encounter. Nineteen percent simulated weapon possession to accomplish their suicidal intent. Other findings highlight the histories and commonalities in this high risk group.     

知识密集型组织激励机制研究

本文首先对知识型员工的特点进行了分析,然后通过对知识密集型组织中企业和员工之间的委托人-代理人博弈的分析,在员工是风险中性者的假设前提下,建立了一种激励相容约束和参与约束,并在此基础上设计了"租赁经营制"这种薪酬激励机制。     

社会主义核心价值体系引领社会思潮的三大机制

建立科学的引领机制是解决社会主义核心价值体系引领社会思潮的首选之举。动力机制是社会主义核心价值体系引领社会思潮的内力之源；保障机制是社会主义核心价值体系引领社会思潮的现实之选；协调机制是社会主义核心价值体系引领社会思潮的灵活之策。在坚持一元主导、多元并存的前提下，将三者紧密结合，有利于最大限度地形成社会思想共识，促进社会主义意识形态建设。     

我国中小企业财务管理问题探讨

加强中小企业财务管理不仅仅是中小企业自身发展的需要，更是人世后面对激烈的市场竞争、提高企业核心竞争力的需要。加强中小企业财务管理必须结合中小企业实际，建立有效的财务管理体系，确定适合于企业的财务管理目标。     

思想教育工作应同企业文化建设紧密结合

本文从企业文化建设的角度,论述了政治思想教育与企业文化建设的密切关系,分析了思想教育与企业文化建设相结合的途径,通过分析探讨,提出了加强企业文化建设是提升企业核心竞争力的现代企业管理理念。