抵押物处分的限制与自由——对物权法第191条的理解

物权法严格限制抵押物处分的做法引发了广泛争议,这种做法违背了物权法的基本原理和“物尽其用”的立I法宗旨,也与大陆法系国家的立法传统相悖。在批判和总结我国30年立法、实践经验并借鉴其他国家立法的基础上,l我国物权法应该放松对抵押物处分的限制,使抵押人在大多数情况下可以自由转让抵押物。     

醉酒驾驶的规范理解及情景预防——以犯罪学为视角

刑法修正案八规定了“危险驾驶罪”,有关醉驾的刑法规范主要体现了刑法保护法益前移与抽象危险犯的立法精神。面对社会上日益严重的醉酒驾驶情况,运用刑法理论中的危险犯和法益侵害概念并不能有效达至减少风险的发生,确保交通安全的理想效果。超越规范层面的惩罚醉驾的政策性与风险防治因素,为犯罪学中的情境预防理论应用于保障社会公共安全提供了可寻的依据。从具体犯罪的预防出发思考减少行为人实施犯罪的机会,应用情境预防理论控制醉驾的发生是一条可行路径。     

Animal-related fatalities--part I: characteristic autopsy findings and variable causes of death associated with blunt and sharp trauma

Animals may be responsible for an array of potentially lethal injuries. Blunt force injuries characteristically involve larger animals such as cattle or horses that may kick, crush, or trample a victim causing head and facial injuries. Farm workers in particular are at high risk of lethal injuries involving the head and torso. Significant blunt trauma may be found in vehicle occupants after collisions with large animals such as camels or moose. Rarely, zookeepers may be crushed by particularly massive animals such as elephants. Sharp force injuries usually involve carnivore bites, most often from dogs with a "hole and tear" pattern of wounding. Injuries from animals such as alligators and sharks may have a significant component of crushing. Incised wounds may result in death from exsanguination and air embolism. On occasion, blunt or sharp trauma from animal activity may be confused with postmortem damage or with inflicted injury from an assault.     

Driving under the influence of amphetamine-like drugs

Scientific opinions differ whether the use of stimulants causes deterioration in driving skills. In 1857 of 8709 cases of driving under the influence of drugs, amphetamine-like drugs (amphetamine, methamphetamine, and methylendioxyamphetamine) were present either alone or together with other licit or illicit drugs. In 338 cases, amphetamines were the only psychoactive substance group in plasma at mean, median, and highest concentrations of 0.18, 0.12, and 1.05 mg/L, respectively. A widespread opinion is that after the consumption of amphetamines, centrally stimulating effects with corresponding consequences on safe driving are expected. In contrast, many cases were observed that rather suggested an influence of centrally sedating substances when considering the psycho-physical conditions. Relations between concentration and effect could not be established. The apparent sedation is probably the consequence of sleep deprivation during an amphetamine binge and the after-effects of the drug.     

Stress-related temporary hearing loss--evaluation of bio-humoral parameters: forensic and criminological applications

The body-alarm reaction results from the activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which can lead to physio-psychological phenomena such as an exclusion/occlusion of the sense of hearing. One hypothesis to explain this alteration consists in a hydromechanical dysfunction of the internal ear attributable to antidiuretic hormone. In this study, we evaluated the perception of acoustic stimuli administered in stressful conditions in 14 phobic patients and in 20 healthy subjects, in order to assess the influence of stress on perceiving capabilities. We also measured the concentration of salivary cortisol and IL-1β and neurovegetative parameters to objectivise and quantify the physiological reactions. Our results show a worse perception of the frequencies of the human voice under stress; these findings could have a dual value: in the legal field, concerning criminal liability, and on the operative context, regarding the efficiency of verbal communication among law enforcement officers in situations inducing intense emotional stress.     

Conducted Energy Devices (CEDs) and Citizen Injuries: The Shocking Empirical Reality

As one of the contemporary additions to the use of force spectrum, conducted energy devices (CEDs) have been surrounded by controversy. Such concerns have fueled a number of studies, many of which have attempted to examine the relationship between CEDs and citizen injuries. This limited body of research, however, has produced inconsistent results and suffers from a number of documented drawbacks. Drawing on data collected as part of a national multi‐agency use of force project, the current study analyzes nearly 14,000 use‐of‐force incidents across seven agencies, over 2,600 of which involve a CED, to assess the potential impact of CEDs on citizen injuries. In doing so, a series of multivariate statistical models are employed that isolate CED cases and compare them to a number of both hands‐on and weapon‐based tactics. Unlike previous research, which often highlights the beneficial aspects of CEDs in relation to injuries, our findings generally show an increased risk between the use of CEDs and citizen injuries. As such, more research is needed before deriving any conclusions as to the “safeness” of CEDs, especially in relation to the choice between using a CED or an alternative means of dispute resolution (either hands‐on physical force or another weapon).     

县级财政科技投入结构及其动力研究——基于安徽省C县的实证调查

县域财政科技投入主要体现为财政局拨付、科技局统筹管理的分配模式,但农林等其他县直单位同样也存在科技投入。县本级科技支出居主导地位,其他资金主要来自于上级部门的科技专项。科技推广体系呈现以县级科技集群为轴心的向下辐射形态,与企业、各类生产合作社、个人发生复杂的供需互动,相应对各类需求主体也产生不同的效益。以科技考核竞争、“发展一晋升”竞争、建楼面子之争和邻区比对等构成的混合竞争系统,是影响县域财政科技投入的主要动力。     

破解任务繁重与警力紧张矛盾的思考

随着“高铁时代”的到来,铁路公安机关面临的形势任务和警力需求之间的矛盾更加凸显,警力资源结构亟待调整。对此,只有积极致力于警力无增长改善,不断努力探索破解任务繁重与警力紧张之间矛盾的有效途径,从思想理念、用警机制、工作模式、素质建设、综合保障等全方位推进对铁路民警队伍整体的优化,才能从根本上解决这一突出问题。     

醉酒驾车行为刑法适用之解读

如何正确理解和实施刑法修正案(八),需要做深入研究,从醉驾入罪的立法原因入手,对醉酒驾车犯罪的性质、构成要件进行分析;提出在司法实践中,应正确贯彻宽严相济的刑事政策,对醉酒驾车行为要结合犯罪情节进行刑法适用并要有机地与其他法律法规结合适用,从而做到对醉驾案件的公正处理,实现刑法对醉酒驾车行为的惩罚效果。     

醉驾:“一律入刑”还是“区别对待”

如何合理划定"醉驾"犯罪圈的大小,"一律入刑"与"区别对待"两种见解存在实质性分歧。罪刑法定原则作为刑事司法不可逾越的屏障,司法机关应该通过"一律入刑"呼应其明确性要求,同时限制司法机关的权力扩张;主观主义与客观主义作为两种不同的解释方式,在实践选择的位阶上应该以文本映射的主观主义优先适用;刑法总分体系需要刑事立法与司法进行一体化贯彻,在刑事立法已然兼顾总则要求的前提下不能通过"区别对待"再次限缩分则罪名的适用范围;"一律入刑"的主张不违背宽严相济刑事政策的内在精神,刑事政策的刑法化要求刑事司法必须坚守这一法治立场。