Is the Dearth of Young Rural Labor Worrisome?

正Dear Readers,Forum is a column that provides a space for varying perspectives on contemporary Chinese society.We invite you to submit personal viewpoints on past and current topics(in either English or Chinese).yanwei@bjreview.com Please provide your name and address along with your comments Recently,a study by the Beijing-based Economic Information Daily found that in many Chinese provinces—such as Jiangxi,Anhui,Sichuan and Hubei—there are few young people to be seen in rural areas.     

警察职业生涯管理的调查与分析

警察的职业生涯管理一方面表现为个人规划意识不强、职业发展定位不明确,另一方面表现为公安机关及其领导对警察职业发展的管理机制缺位.针对这些问题,运用职业生涯相关理论,提出了警察职业生涯锚的构想以及在职业生涯发展中提供组织帮助的方法,实现警察个人发展与组织发展目标的协调与统一.     

大学生择业挫折教育的现实难点及路径选择

为了使大学毕业生理性择业、克服挫折,高校择业挫折教育应当与时俱进,不仅要充分发挥大学生在择业挫折教育中的主体作用,而且要主动与家庭、社会有关部门合作,营造＂合力＂,借鉴国外大学生择业挫折教育的经验,促使大学毕业生顺利就业。     

法律专业大学生职业生涯规划与就业问题研究

针对近年来法律专业大学生就业率低、就业难的问题,探索切合法律专业特点有针对性地对法律专业大学生进行职业生涯规划教育,有助于法律专业大学生从职业生涯规划入手有的放矢地安排自己的学习、生活,合理地规划未来,增强就业的核心竞争力。法律专业学生应注重提高自身的综合素质,更新就业理念,学校应加强职业生涯规划教育和法学教育模式改革,加强法律专业学生职业生涯规划的层次性与动态性教育。加强法律专业实践课程体系建设。     

Exploring,Maintaining, and Disengaging—The Three Phases of a Legislator's Life

Building on the understanding that a career is a dynamic concept, this article applies the idea that parliamentarians' legislative activities vary according to their career stage and age. This is partly a function of experience and partly a function of future career prospects. Using a new data set of the German Bundestag (2002–13) that pinpoints the age and career stage of MPs at the time of individual activities, namely, attending votes, posing parliamentary questions, and holding rapporteurships, we identify practical and normative challenges to MPs' legislative work: It takes time to learn the trade and as the desire for re‐election dissipates, a last‐period problem arises. MPs significantly reduce their activity levels toward the end of their legislative careers, indicating a clear loss of accountability toward their parties and their constituents.     

Judicial Career Incentives and Court Performance: An Empirical Study of the German Labour Courts of Appeal

This paper examines how the organization of a civil-law judiciary—the German labour court system—shapes court performance. It is argued that civil-law judiciaries can be considered as internal labour markets in which the main incentive derives from career opportunities. Resulting hypotheses are tested on data for nine German Labour Courts of Appeal (Landesarbeitsgerichte) over the period 1980–1998. Two performance measures are computed: the confirmation rate and a productivity measure. The confirmation rate captures how often decisions are upheld in an appeal at the Federal Labour Court. Court productivity is measured by a score derived via data envelopment analysis (DEA) and includes as outputs the number of finished cases and the number of published decisions. Regression analyses show: Courts employing more judges with a Ph.D. are more productive, but write decisions that are less often confirmed by the Federal Labour Court. Courts employing judges with higher ex ante promotion probabilities are less productive and write decisions that are less often confirmed.JEL Classification: J45, K31, M12     

司法独立和法官职业化

本文从现代法治的核心目标“法律至上”地位和“以权制权”的建立入手,指出司法独立的重要性,并进一步阐释了司法独立的实现有赖于法官职业化的实现,进而概括了法官职业化的内容:法官的技能、法官的职业伦理,法官的自主性与自治性,法官的任职资格等及其与司法独立的关系,并从制度建构的角度对中国的法官职业化提出了一些建议。     

对英法两国青年创业模式的比较和分析

英法两国都把扶持青年创业作为解决青年就业问题的长效办法,制定、实施了一系列相应的政策和项目,取得了一定的成果。特别是英国的青年创业计划项目和法国的青年挑战项目在扶助青年创业方面效果较好。由于两国的政治传统、经济文化背景不同,两种创业模式也存在不少差异。     

Slow Change at the Top: ‘Old Hands’ and ‘Accidental Executives’ in New South Wales Local Government

Scholars and practitioners alike have recognised that an increased role for women leaders in Australian local government would strengthen the sector, yet little research to date has examined the career paths of non‐elected officials. This article combines the gender in organisations literature with career theory to examine the career paths of 16 general managers (GMs) in New South Wales. We found that half the participants had linear career paths based entirely within local government and half had boundaryless careers originating outside the sector. This second cohort consisted overwhelmingly of women. Nevertheless, a high incidence of happenstance characterised both career types. Several participants saw themselves pitted against a gendered (i.e. male) group of ‘old hands’ who were resistant to change being driven by ‘accidental executives’, a high proportion of whom were women. The findings have implications for a sector attempting to attract and retain skilled staff, particularly women.     

Career politicians a dozen years after regionalisation of the Czech Republic (2000–13)

This study compares three groups of full-time politicians in the Czech Republic. Two of these – MPs and mayors – came into existence in the early 1990s immediately after the fall of the communist regime, and the third, here referred to as county full-time politicians, appeared only at the turn of the millennium. To investigate their profiles and careers, a database was created from a wide range of sources, such as election results, county council meeting reports, county and personal websites, media databases and similar. Analysis of the database showed that establishing a second tier of local government (counties) opened up career opportunities primarily for members of the main political parties who had ambitions to become full-time politicians but did not want to disengage from the local network on which their political capital often rested. Like other politicians, those in the counties are predominantly middle-aged men with higher education. Furthermore, the party selectorates prefer candidates with experience in other elected positions. However, the ‘professional’ political career frequently starts at the county level. So far, the most typical have been county politicians who hold paid positions for one or two election terms. Transitions from or to other levels of government are often discrete. With the exception of the entry of municipal professionals into county politics, these transitions involve a small circle of people. The most visible part of county politicians is formed of the county presidents and those related with national politics. Moreover, these people often serve as the regional officials of political parties and play an important role in the recruitment of parliamentary politicians. Therefore, the effect of the newly established regional political elite on party politics should be examined in more depth. It is argued that the ‘invisible majority’ of full-time county politicians deserves scientific interest too, because it can have a major influence on shaping the policies and specific features of each region.