Slow Change at the Top: ‘Old Hands’ and ‘Accidental Executives’ in New South Wales Local Government

Scholars and practitioners alike have recognised that an increased role for women leaders in Australian local government would strengthen the sector, yet little research to date has examined the career paths of non‐elected officials. This article combines the gender in organisations literature with career theory to examine the career paths of 16 general managers (GMs) in New South Wales. We found that half the participants had linear career paths based entirely within local government and half had boundaryless careers originating outside the sector. This second cohort consisted overwhelmingly of women. Nevertheless, a high incidence of happenstance characterised both career types. Several participants saw themselves pitted against a gendered (i.e. male) group of ‘old hands’ who were resistant to change being driven by ‘accidental executives’, a high proportion of whom were women. The findings have implications for a sector attempting to attract and retain skilled staff, particularly women.     

Preliminary Study of Testosterone and Empathy in Determining Recidivism and Antisocial Behavior

Recidivism, repeated criminal behavior after conviction and correction of prior offenses, is a costly problem across the nation. However, the contribution of empathy in determining the risk of recidivism has received limited attention, although lack of empathy has been related to antisocial personality disorder in various studies. Studies linked testosterone to aggression, antisocial behavior, and criminality, and evidence support hormonal connections between empathy and aggression. Adult male prison inmates convicted of violent or nonviolent offenses were included in a cross‐sectional study of empathy, antisocial behavior, salivary testosterone, and recidivism. Subjects underwent criminal history, Empathy Quotient, Levenson Self‐Report Psychopathy Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, and salivary testosterone assays. Bivariate analyses indicated multiple correlations between variables. Multivariate modeling analyses found a significant relationship between self‐reported conviction number and psychopathy scale score (p = 0.013). These preliminary results suggest avenues of investigation of factors contributing to recidivism risk.     

Exploring,Maintaining, and Disengaging—The Three Phases of a Legislator's Life

Building on the understanding that a career is a dynamic concept, this article applies the idea that parliamentarians' legislative activities vary according to their career stage and age. This is partly a function of experience and partly a function of future career prospects. Using a new data set of the German Bundestag (2002–13) that pinpoints the age and career stage of MPs at the time of individual activities, namely, attending votes, posing parliamentary questions, and holding rapporteurships, we identify practical and normative challenges to MPs' legislative work: It takes time to learn the trade and as the desire for re‐election dissipates, a last‐period problem arises. MPs significantly reduce their activity levels toward the end of their legislative careers, indicating a clear loss of accountability toward their parties and their constituents.     

大学生的学习动机与职业动机对比研究

大学生的学习动机与职业动机相互影响、相互促进,共同对大学生的学业发展和个性形成起着重要作用.职业动机的形成阶段与学习动机的发展水平有着必然的联系,它们相互融合、互为条件、共同发展,其实质都是为了实现以培养高素质、专业化职业人才.高枝的教育教学应定位在创造可能的条件,组织高效的教育教学工作,帮助大学生提高学习成绩,更好地实现职业理想.     

包庇罪作假证明问题分析——兼谈包庇罪与伪证罪的区别

作假证明是包庇罪的核心行为,从作假证明的主体、阶段、行为及目的要素等方面进行分析,并与伪证罪的相关问题进行比较,会更好地解决包庇罪与伪证罪认定中的若干疑难问题。具体说来,作假证明的主体应包括被害人,发生的阶段是在刑事诉讼过程中,行为方式是积极的作为方式,目的是使犯罪的人逃避法律制裁。     

明清州县的狱具及凌虐罪囚

明清州县存在正规和非正规的监狱,虽然都纳入正规管理的范畴,但在设置、设施、管理等方面存在一定差异。明清王朝对狱具的种类、材质、形制、适用条件、使用方法都有规定。狱具可分为合法狱具和非法狱具,非法狱具是禁止使用的,但是统治者非但无法杜绝非法狱具的使用,而且还在条例中增加新狱具,使非法狱具合法化。合法狱具也存在许多不合法使用的现象,甚至还有新的发明创造,千方百计地凌虐罪囚,使狱囚身心受到严重摧残,即使惨死狱中也无处伸冤。     

论罪犯危机干预

罪犯在长期的监禁生活中 ,因为要承受来自各方面的心理压力 ,容易导致心理危机。经过危机干预 ,给罪犯提供即时的帮助 ,可使陷入危机中的罪犯恢复身心平衡 ,度过危险的紧急救助时期。心理危机干预直接指向罪犯的情绪困扰和心理失衡 ,对于缓解心理冲突、避免意外事故、防止心态的进一步恶化具有显著的效果     

犯罪：环境诱因与人格缺陷的结合——杨佳案件心理分析

近十几年来,中国发生过不少起恶性的暴力杀人案。这些案犯的作案动机和理由不外乎恶意报复,或心理变态,或黑社会的亡命之徒恣意妄为。唯独杨佳案,因其作案对象、作案地点、作案手段等众多的特殊性,而令其作案动机蒙上一层迷雾。那么,究竟是什么原因导致了杨佳的残暴的犯罪行为？对于了解杨仕的犯罪心理和犯罪行为,如果从环境诱因和人格缺陷的结合的角度来探讨,可能可以给我们一些启示,并为预防此类恶性案件的再次发生有所帮助。     

Party animals,career changers and other pathways into parliament

Research on parliamentary careers has paid little attention to variations in pre-parliamentary career patterns and their value in explaining legislators’ parliamentary success. Using sequence and cluster analysis, this article identifies typical career tracks taken by Party Animals, Local Heroes, Late Bloomers, Land Legislators, High-Flyers and Career Changers based on a comprehensive dataset of German parliamentarians’ biographies (1998–2014). The analysis confirms the role of the party as the primary career facilitator before and within parliament. Nonetheless both Career Changers and High-Flyers climb the greasy pole all the way to the national parliament without much service to the party. The former type, however, suffers from a lack of networks and experience, which is reflected in the limited career success within parliament. This article demonstrates that the use of sequence analysis on career paths offers a promising approach in distinguishing and explaining the opportunities, choices and obstacles MPs face in parliament.     

论帮助刑事案件的当事人毁灭、伪造证据的行为认定

在我国现行刑法中,帮助毁灭、伪造证据罪与包庇罪作为两个独立的罪名并没有得到严格区分,导致对于帮助刑事案件的当事人毁灭、伪造证据的行为如何认定在理论界与司法实践中都出现了诸多困惑。而如果从“当事人”这个概念的习惯用法入手,在帮助对象的范围及社会危害程度上进行化分,则所有的问题都迎刃而解。