Party animals,career changers and other pathways into parliament

Research on parliamentary careers has paid little attention to variations in pre-parliamentary career patterns and their value in explaining legislators’ parliamentary success. Using sequence and cluster analysis, this article identifies typical career tracks taken by Party Animals, Local Heroes, Late Bloomers, Land Legislators, High-Flyers and Career Changers based on a comprehensive dataset of German parliamentarians’ biographies (1998–2014). The analysis confirms the role of the party as the primary career facilitator before and within parliament. Nonetheless both Career Changers and High-Flyers climb the greasy pole all the way to the national parliament without much service to the party. The former type, however, suffers from a lack of networks and experience, which is reflected in the limited career success within parliament. This article demonstrates that the use of sequence analysis on career paths offers a promising approach in distinguishing and explaining the opportunities, choices and obstacles MPs face in parliament.     

罪犯教育改造成本核算体系的构建

现行的监狱会计制度不对罪犯的教育改造成本进行核算,主要原因是教育改造活动被认为是非生产性活动,经费来源主要靠国家财政拨款,监狱只管支出。这种不核算成本的模式,不利于监狱的财务管理,也很难使监狱的资源得到合理的配置,监狱的教育改造效益也无法实现准确考核。实行教育改造成本核算,可为监狱制定经费支出标准提供科学依据。随着监狱教育改造模式多元化,罪犯教育改造成本的核算也成为一种必然趋势。因此,构建科学合理的教育改造成本核算体系就显得尤为重要。     

反酷刑政策与罪犯人权保障

酷刑严重侵犯人权,是国际社会公认的严重犯罪之一.从历史的角度看,反酷刑政策产生和发展的内在动因是人权意识的觉醒和人权运动的兴起.随着人权保障的国际化,反酷刑日益成为国际社会关注的重要内容,因而联合国通过一系列的国际人权公约来禁止酷刑,并建立了反酷刑的国际监督机构.就我国来说,国内有关法律,如宪法、刑法、刑事诉讼法、监狱法和其他相关法律大都有反酷刑的内容或规定,但是,这与国际人权公约的有关规定相比仍存在着差距.本文在分析原因的基础上,提出进一步完善我国反酷刑措施的基本思路.     

职业生涯中断对女性雇员的影响——一个文献的综述

职业生涯中断对女性雇员的影响主要表现在中断后女性雇员较低的工资水平,较少的劳动力供给和较少的晋升机会,而对她们的工作满意度几乎没有影响.相关文献主要从人力资本理论、歧视理论和信号理论三个方面解释职业生涯中断对女性雇员产生影响的原因:一方面由于中断期间女性雇员已有人力资本贬值,并错过了中断期间对人力资本进行再投资的机会,使实际的工作能力下降;另一方面由于组织文化中推崇男性价值观,即认为男性特质代表高效的工作能力,而女性特质的则是低效低能低投入的信号,这种信号一旦被识别,不管实际工作绩效如何,雇员都得到较低的评价.     

Facebook CEO Charms Chinese Audiences

正ON October 23,a Chinese audience was astonished and delighted to hear Facebook founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg answer their questions in Mandarin.A video of the event,posted on Facebook and China’s Wechat,quickly became a hit on social media,     

Chapter 10. Patterns of Career Development in Child and Youth Care

Abstract

Patterns of career development in the field of child and youth care are reexamined in relation to roles that involve working directly with children in specific settings as well as in relation to roles that involve working indirectly in support of children through working with other adults, be these parents, other caregivers or professionals. Other career roles involve working in support of human service systems that impact on the care of children and young people and influence family welfare. Finally, some career roles involve working at the macro level to formulate policies that shape the culture of caring communities to support the health and well-being of children. Each career role presents important challenges and offers valuable opportunities for influencing the lives of children, young people and their families.     

灵活就业人员工作状况与职业发展研究

灵活就业容量大、进出门槛低、灵活性和共享性强,成为吸纳就业的重要渠道。本研究基于 2020 年度中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）数据,对灵活就业人员群体的工作状态和职业发展情况进行实证分析。研 究发现,灵活就业人员对工作总体上呈现较为满意的状态,但面临着学历偏低、工资水平较低、工作时间较长、 权益保障不到位、晋升通道不通畅等问题。研究建议,政府和企业应为灵活就业人员提供更多在职培训和重新 深造的机会;政府应高度重视对灵活就业人员的劳动权益保护,促进和谐劳动关系的发展;发挥技能鉴定和职 称评定对灵活就业人员的激励作用,打通灵活就业人员的晋升通道。     

监狱人性化管理与罪犯权利保障

人性化管理是目前监狱行刑中提出的一个新的概念。它以符合和满足罪犯的基本需要为出发点 ,以保障合法权益和培养健康人格为重要内容 ,以促进罪犯改造和再社会化为价值取向。     

浅谈大学生科学择业观的确立

一个人要想获得理想的职业 ,实现就业目标 ,就必须树立竞争意识 ,进行科学择业。而要科学择业 ,树立正确的择业观是科学择业的前提。树立了正确的择业观 ,在择业中就能更新观念 ,适应需要 ,选定方向 ,尽快就业     

构建高校大学生职业生涯规划教育体系

大学生职业生涯规划教育应该是一个系统工程,大学生职业生涯规划指导应贯穿大学生学习生活的全过程。高等学校应构建基于“全面——全程——重点”的大学生职业生涯规划教育的三维立体体系。