Propensity to Negotiate and Career Advancement: Evidence from an Investment Bank that Women Are on a "Slow Elevator"

Women are underrepresented at senior levels in most companies. This article examines whether gender differences in the propensity to negotiate contribute to this pattern. Based on a behavioral experiment run in a major investment bank in the United States, I found that fewer women than men are willing to negotiate, but employees who have a propensity to negotiate are promoted on average seventeen months more quickly than those who do not. Women advance more slowly than men, which accounts for the underrepresentation of women in senior positions. I conclude that gender differences in the propensity to negotiate partially explains why women are on a "slow elevator" to the top.     

法官与律师关系规范化刍议

目前正在全国展开的律师队伍整顿工作将规范律师与法官的关系作为一项重点工作,拟通过教育、监督、惩治律师来彻底规范法官与律师关系的观点已得到普遍的认可。将规范律师执业行为作为切入点的做法,固然能对建立正当的法官律师关系起到一定的促进作用,但更为关键与根本的措施还在于严格规范法官依法行使审判权。围绕这一论点,论证了规范法官审判行为何以应当成为规范法官与律师关系的根本点;分析了少数法官在与律师职业交往中得以进行权力寻租的成因;并从平衡法官与律师的地位、增强律师对法官的监督与影响、阻却个别法官司法专横与防范司法腐败的角度,对规范法官与律师关系提出了一些建议。     

Toward a quantitative typology of burglars: a latent profile analysis of career offenders

Burglary is a serious, costly, and prevalent crime but prior typologies of burglars are mostly speculative and based on qualitative data. Using a sample of 456 adult career criminals, the current study used latent profile analysis to construct a methodologically rigorous quantitative typology. Four classes of burglars emerged: young versatile, vagrant, drug-oriented, and sexual predators. All groups demonstrated significant involvement in varied forms of crime, but the sexual predator group was the most violent and had the most serious criminal careers. Connections to the criminal career literature are offered and suggestions for further empirical study of offender typologies are discussed.     

心理矫治在新疆少数民族罪犯教育改造中的运用

2007年7月4日。司法部下发了《教育改造罪犯纲要》。其中特别提出要发挥心理矫治罪犯心理的调适、干预作用。新疆少数民族罪犯因其自然环境、民族习俗、语言文字、宗教信仰形成了独特的心理特点,因此对新疆少数民族罪犯进行教育改造。要结合其心理特点。科学对其进行心理评估和诊断。运用心理矫治技术消除犯罪心理。提高改造质量。同时加大对监狱劳教民警的心理学专业技能培训,对症下药。才能取得好的矫治效果。     

The winners of legislative mandate: An analysis of post-parliamentary career positions in Germany and the Netherlands

Little is known about the careers of parliamentarians after they leave parliament. We analyse the post-parliamentary careers of German and Dutch parliamentarians over the last 20 years and document the presence of a persistent and substantial gender gap. This gap exists regardless of party, country or political position and persists even when the status of the pre-parliamentary profession and achievement within parliament are controlled for. Aside from demonstrating our findings, we offer new insights into possible explanations for the dynamics behind them. Additionally, we show that parliament only serves as a stepping stone for a more successful career for a relatively small share of politicians: only 32 per cent of MPs obtain more attractive positions in the public or private sector after their legislative service.     

It is the worst time in living history to be a law graduate: or is it? Does Australia have too many law graduates?

According to the Australian legal profession and media, law schools are producing too many graduates relative to the number of vacancies within the profession. This claim, however, is hardly new. This paper identifies a number of junctions at which there has been concern about the overproduction of law graduates, showing that this discourse appears during periods of major economic stress. It also shows that until the most recent episode of concern, the perception that there are too many law graduates relative to employment opportunities has not been supported by empirical evidence. In the past, the increasing supply of law graduates has been met with increasing demand. However, the legal profession is now facing unprecedented market competition and restructure, and opportunities in the profession for new graduates have declined. This still does not mean that the law schools are producing too many graduates. The current cohort of graduates is likely to continue into a professional occupation, although not necessarily in private legal practice, and there is a lack of lawyers working in disadvantaged communities.     

浅析新时期未成年犯的动态变化及改造对策

未成年犯改造工作是我国罪犯改造工作的重要窗口。新时期未成年犯的心理、行为特征表现出多方面的缺陷 ,造成未成年犯的改造面临新的问题。针对改造工作的实际 ,贯彻“三个结合” ,夯实罪犯改造的基础 ,推进“三个适应” ,构建素质改造的模式 ,落实“三项举措” ,创造全面发展的条件 ,是提高未成年犯改造质量的有效对策     

试论当前解决执行难问题的首要对策

“执行难”已成为制约整个国家司法活动的“瓶颈”,目前执行难集中体现在四个方面,即被执行人难找、被执行财产难寻、协助执行人难求、被执行财产难动,攻克这“四难”迫切要求执行机关在“人”的问题上取得突破,为此,文章有的放矢地深入论述了如何提高执行人员的敬业精神、法律业务知识、执行方式方法,以求有力化解“执行难”。     

The Monetary Value of Saving a High-Risk Youth

Programs targeted at high-risk youth are designed to prevent high-school dropout, crime, drug abuse, and other forms of delinquency. Even if shown to be successful in reducing one or more social ill, a key policy question is whether the cost to society from that intervention program exceeds its benefits. Although the costs of intervention programs are often available, the benefits are more illusive. This paper provides estimates of the potential benefits from “saving” a high-risk youth, by estimating the lifetime costs associated with the typical career criminal, drug abuser, and high-school dropout. In the absence of controlled experimental data on the number of career criminals averted, one can ask the reverse question—How many career criminals must be prevented before the program “pays for itself?” Based on a 2% discount rate, the typical career criminal causes $1.3–$1.5 million in external costs; a heavy drug user, $370,000 to $970,000; and a high-school dropout, $243,000 to $388,000. Eliminating duplication between crimes committed by individuals who are both heavy drug users and career criminals results in an overall estimate of the “monetary value of saving a high-risk youth” of $1.7 to $2.3 million.     

重构资格刑--对通说的挑战

文章在对我国刑法中的资格刑制度进行了全面而深入的反思,主张放弃学界通说所认可资格刑的概念和内容体系的基础上,提出了资格刑新的概念及三要素,并对资格刑重新进行了建构.对自然人的资格刑应当适用"禁止行使特定的权利"和"禁止从事特定的职业"两种,对法人的资格刑仅适用"禁止从事特定业务活动",同时建议资格刑适用复权制度,前科消灭制度等.