谈案件的言语识别

文章运用语言学、文字学的知识、原理和方法,对案件的语言材料进行仔细推敲、系统分析,研究言语人的语言特征规律,并以各类文件物证的言语特征为基础,判断言语人的民族、性别、籍贯、年龄、文化程度、职业、经历、居住地点、主要活动范围,以及有无精神病、是否聋哑等,为在侦查破案时分析画像提供依据。     

浅议刑事申诉的管辖及筛选机制

我国刑事申诉的受理机关是人民检察院和人民法院,但在实践中,这种多头管辖的规定容易造成管辖责任不明、相互推诿,申诉人多门申诉、无人受理的不良结果。因此,我国急需建立一个刑事申诉的筛选机制,并通过这个机制将冤假错案输入到再审系统。国外立法例中的刑事申诉筛选机制有三种类型:司法机关型、独立机构型和民间团体型。比较而言,在我国目前的司法体制下,在权力机关下设申诉案件复查委员会是一个可行的办法。     

证据理论革命与司法鉴定——以刑事证据为视角

证据是蕴涵了案件信息的物质载体。证据分为两类，即人证和物证。证据是证据形式和证据内容的统一。证据的形式是稳定的。可以作为识别标志：证据的内容是变化的。不宜作为识别的标志．故证据种类应以证据形式来划分。经过法庭审查采信的案件信息是证明案件事实的根据。绝大部分物证都需要通过司法鉴定来提炼出证据中的案件信息。     

涉毒案件毒品定量鉴定是量刑的重要节点

涉毒案件中毒品的数量和含量是决定犯罪行为社会危害性大小的一个十分重要的因素,也是司法机关对犯罪分子课以刑罚的重要依据。毒品数量和含量认定的正确与否,关系到犯罪嫌疑人的犯罪的主观故意与案件量刑。当前,司法机关在办理的许多毒品犯罪（特别是可能判处15年以上刑罚）案件缺乏毒品定量鉴定结论,影响案件审理。笔者从法律和公平公正等方面探讨毒品含量分析的重要性。     

刑事政策演进视阈下的"破小案"(下)

随着社会治安形势的发展，基本刑事政策由“惩办与宽大相结合”向“宽严相济”演进，随之具体刑事政策亦将由“严打”向“破小案”演进。考量法律的严肃性和执法的公正性，在刑事执法层面，警察机关应树立“破小案”的工作理念。     

干部教育培训采用案例教学方法的几点思考

案例教学是MBA教育中普遍采用的方法,它在干部教育中也具有重要的地位。MBA的案例教学与干部教育中案例教学有所区别,应该借鉴MBA案例教学的优势和经验,在干部教育培训过程中灵活适当地运用好案例教学方法来提高培训质量。干部培训中的案例教学要因材施教,不能拘泥于案例教学形式;要加强各种教学案例的编写;要构筑起教学案例的交流与共享平台,建立案例库的补充更新机制;要注重从事案例教学教师的背景选择,建立起案例教学的名师培养机制。     

Predicting the optimal STR profile amplification set up from Quantifiler™ Trio data

Samples collected for forensic case work may be of varying quality and quantity. The sample DNA is often quantified prior to short tandem repeats (STR) profile analysis with methods such as Quantifiler™Trio (QFT). The QFT measures the quantity of DNA as well as an internal PCR control (IPC) and a degradation index (DI).The aim of this study was to use IPC and DI measurements to identify samples, which would benefit from a modified PCR amplification set-up when generating the STR profiles. The sample quality of 6287 single source case work samples were categorized as 'Good’, ‘Partly degraded’, ‘Highly degraded’, ‘Inhibited’ and ‘Degraded and Inhibited’ based on the peak height ratios in the electropherogram data. The DI and IPC were correlated with the assigned quality categories of the samples. Samples categorized into the degraded and/or inhibited categories were found to have statistically significantly different DI and IPC compared to samples categorized as ‘Good’. This indicates that the additional information gained from the QFT can be useful to identify degraded and/or inhibited samples prior to the STR-profile analysis. Future work will re-evaluate the criteria of inclusion in the sample quality groups and implement multi source samples.     

"Biological identikit": Development of a SNPs-panel for the analysis of forensic DNA phenotyping and ancestry

Personal identification in mass disasters and in crimes is essential for humanitarian, ethical and legal reasons. In these contexts, when individuals cannot be identified by standard forensic DNA analysis, the Forensic DNA Phenotyping and the analysis of the biogeographical ancestry could help. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of a new panel of 891 SNPs in predicting phenotypic traits and biogeographical origin to create a “biological identikit”. In addition to fresh biological material, old evidence found at the crime scene or extracted and long-term stored DNA were tested with 41 SNPs for phenotyping and 850 SNPs for ancestry. All the SNPs were successfully incorporated into a single two-step multiplex PCR reaction using the IonAmpliSeq ™ Library Plus and applied for massive parallel sequencing with the Ion S5 platform using up to 0.05 ng/µL of DNA. The analysis of the results was carried out with an in-house predictive algorithm and consulting 20 population databases. By comparing the results obtained with identikit or video-photographic surveys, it was possible to predict phenotype and ancestry with an accuracy greater than 90%. While these new markers cannot identify a specific individual, they can be a valuable investigative tool.     

NAFTA本田汽车原产地规则案再探——兼论对中国区域合作的启示

北美自由贸易区在本田汽车原产地认定方面,强调了在像汽车这种由很多重要部件和次要部件经常在多数国家中组装而成的产品原产地问题的重要性。本田案件提出的根本问题在计算中如何衡量非本土材料在组件的本地含量,加工成本是否可以囊括在当地含量之内,进而通过重新定义的净成本方法解决该问题。该案对中国区域合作中海关在原产地认定方面也具有...     

近十年绑架案件侦查研究综述

绑架犯罪是严重危害人身安全的暴力犯罪,历来是我国司法机关重点控制、打击的对象。进入新世纪后,在2002年到2003年前后,绑架案件的数量激增,造成了严重的社会影响。关于如何认识绑架案件、如何进行处置以及如何进行侦查等问题,学者们开展了大量研究工作。尤其在刑法修正案(七)对关于绑架犯罪部分进行修改后,又为绑架案件侦查带来了新的研究内容。