Context Matters: Reactive and Proactive Bystander Action to Prevent Sexual and Dating Violence in High Schools

ABSTRACT

Given high rates of relationship violence among adolescents, there is a need to understand variables that influence adolescents’ helping behaviors to reduce risk for dating and sexual violence (reactive) and promote prevention before violence happens or risk factors are evident (proactive). The current paper examined individual and school variables related to greater actionism in a large sample of high school students. Baseline, cross-sectional data used in the current analyses were gathered before intervention as part of a prevention program evaluation across 25 high schools in New England from students in grades 9–12 (N= 3,404). Students who self-reported a greater number of proactive actions taken were students who identified as sexual minorities, had a history of victimization, and were in schools with supportive peer norms. The current findings suggest a model for prevention that might include training individuals and attending to school level variables.     

A Cross-National Examination of School Violence and Nonattendance Due to School Violence in Taiwan,Hong Kong,and Mainland China: A Rasch Model Approach

ABSTRACT

This study examined the similarities and differences between three distinct Chinese societies (Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China) regarding the contribution of gender and grade level to school violence, the ranking orders of perpetration and victimization behavior, and the correlates of school nonattendance due to violence. A cross-national random sample of 2,582 junior high school students was obtained. The results of Rasch analyzes revealed that verbal violence is most frequent. Male students are most likely to be aggressive and victimized. Grade-level differences in school violence were shown to be weak or insignificant. School nonattendance is generally associated with being kicked, punched, socially excluded, blackmailed, threatened, or sexually kissed without consent. The results were similar across societies. The findings imply that the contextual differences between Chinese societies may not account for different effects of gender and grade level on school violence, behavioral patterns of school violence, and correlates of school nonattendance.     

Racial and ethnic differences in the consequences of school suspension for arrest

A growing body of literature has demonstrated that when schools suspend students, the suspension acts not as a deterrent but as an amplifier of future punishment. Labeling theory has emerged as the predominant explanation for this phenomenon, suggesting that the symbolic label conferred along with a suspension shapes how other people perceive and respond to labeled students. Few studies, however, have attended to racial/ethnic differences in this process even though critical race theory suggests the consequences of suspension likely differ across racial/ethnic groups due to prevailing racial/ethnic stereotypes. This study uses six waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1997 (N = 8,634) to examine how the relationship between suspension and subsequent arrest differs for White, Black, and Hispanic students. Using a series of within-person analyses that control for time-stable personal characteristics, this study finds that suspension amplifies Black and Hispanic students’ risk of arrest relative to that of White students. White students’ risk of arrest was not amplified by suspension and, in some models, was diminished. This study's findings underscore the importance of understanding the labeling process as different by race/ethnicity and indicate that suspension is particularly harmful for Black and Hispanic relative to White students.     

校园受欺负者的抗逆力个案研究

校园欺负问题是中小学生中间经常发生的一种消极的社会行为，它给孩子的健康成长蒙上了阴影，也成为许多孩子的噩梦。本研究主要包括3个方面：受欺负者遭受欺负的经历、受欺负者的抗逆力水平、影响受欺负者抗逆力水平的因素。依据Hunter抗逆力的层次模型，采用抗逆力的三种策略形式来分析受欺负者的抗逆力水平，最后结论认为，发挥外在保护性因子的作用是快速有效提高受欺负者抗逆力水平的关键。     

农民工夜校建设的探索与成效

要建设好农民工夜校,需要事先了解农民工的现状与需求,同时还应尽可能做好各种设施的必要准备,并采取切实措施解决建设中所遇到的各种实际问题。中交一航局一公司第二项目部农民工夜校创办三年的实践表明,农民工确实已发生了较大的变化。     

当代法哲学视域下的墨家法律观

当代法哲学视域下,墨家法律观首先在事实性的有效性向度上,认定和证成了法律的文本性、符号性、行动性、规则性、规范性、普遍性以及强制性等事实性的张力;其次,在法律有效性的规范性向度上,墨家以法为天,认定法源自于天,法是天的根本意志的体现,而天的意志的实质乃是--具有正义、平等、实践三个显著特点的--兼爱利民;其三,在交往理性的向度上,墨家把法的产生和生成、法的有效性及其实现,置于"从事"、"说书"尤其是"谈辩"的世界里,提出了语用谈辩的交往法律观:把法的有效性标准及其检验看作是,透过"古者圣王"、"百姓耳目"、"百姓人民"中的谈辩--即经过多主体的交往理性,而达成的"中效"或"共识"。墨家的交往法律观主张通过多主体之间的平等"谈辩",来化解"事实性"与"规范性"之间的紧张关系,从而实现"兴天下之利"的良性互动。     

Advancing a Conceptual and Empirical Model of School Climate for School Staff in California

ABSTRACT

School climate is increasingly intertwined with efforts to create safe schools and improve social-emotional learning and academic outcomes. While current definitions of school climate implicate the decisions and actions of school staff members, the majority of school climate research focuses on the perspectives of students. This study presents an adapted model of school climate that focuses on the experiences of school staff members, and is one of the first empirical studies to explore a statewide data set of responses from staff members in California public schools. Results suggest that there are meaningful differences in the experiences of school climate for different staff members and that these differences should guide the assessments of school climate and changes to policies and procedures that may influence climate.     

Soviet boarding schools as a forge of national professionals and intellectuals in Soviet Tajikistan in the 1950s and 1960s

ABSTRACT

The study focuses on the institution of boarding schools (Russian: internat) in Soviet Tajikistan in the 1950s and 1960s and its role in the education and training of the new national generations of skilled professionals in the fields of industry, science, culture, art and healthcare, which in turn contributed to the development of their country. Along with the de-Stalinization of education and subsequent polytechnization, as well as flexibility in the use of Soviet institutions, the internats were transformed from a purely Soviet project into a more inclusive Soviet-Tajik project at the national level for the training of new young national-Sovietized professionals. These professionals combined the qualities of Sovietized and local (national), with their distinctive norms, traditions and values, into a totally new form. The boarding school system turned into a factory for bringing up national-Sovietized specialists and cadres.     

The Influence of Finance Policies on Charter School Supply Decisions in Five States

This paper tests if charter school finance policies influence charter school location. I create a theoretical framework describing the location incentives created by charter school finance provisions and test their relevance empirically by applying a two-step approach consisting of negative binomial models and Wald tests. Using data from New York, North Carolina, Florida, Michigan, and Ohio, I provide evidence that states’ finance provisions are an important policy lever impacting charter school location. Several robustness checks corroborate the initial results.     

以人本管理为核心的学生管理新模式探析——以中专生特殊群体为视角

人本管理以＂人＂作为管理活动的核心和组织最重要的资源,中专生特殊群体是中职院校中的重要资源,这个群体能否健康发展关系到学校的发展和个人的全面解放。以人本管理为核心的中专生管理新模式以促进人的全面解放为根本目的,适应了现代中职院校教育管理的新理念。践行这种管理新模式须从提升教育公平理念、创新中专生特殊群体的思想政治教育载体、建立＂一人一本＂分类型群体档案、加强心理辅导和就业指导的个性化等途径进行积极的策略构建。