Two ways of realizing justice and democracy: linking Amartya Sen and Elinor Ostrom

In The Idea of Justice (2009), Amartya Sen advocates democracy defined as ‘public reasoning’ and ‘government by discussion’. Sen’s discursive approach facilitates the exercise of political freedom and development of one’s public capacities, and enables victims of injustice to give public voice and discussion to specific injustice. It also responds to the contested nature of ‘universal human rights’ and the need to clarify and defend them via public reasoning. However, Sen’s approach leaves intact the hegemony of a liberal form of democracy that prioritizes political and civil rights over social and economic rights and thus precludes alternative democratic forms, most notably a form of cooperative democracy that politicizes social and economic activities in the pursuit of local and global justice. Sen’s ‘government by discussion’ must combine with cooperative democracy and a global ethos emphasizing cooperation (and action) over privatization in order to address our most serious global injustices, including exploitation, inequality and poverty in the Global South, accelerating destruction of the environment and biodiversity, and global warming and climate change.     

“90后”大学生思想特点及引导路径探析

“90后”大学生群体的思想特点有：“我”成为个体的中心词;家庭中呈现依赖与反依赖的矛盾特性;社会追求上无所适从的矛盾心理等。这是特定的教育背景、生活环境以及身心发展规律等多方面因素影响的结果。在平等与互动中放大家庭的引导,在显性与隐性中渗透学校的教育,以内在与外在的方式催生社会自觉,应该成为对“90”后大学生进行思想政治教育的路径选择。     

浅析诉访分离对政法工作的新挑战

近年来,涉法涉诉信访案件居高不下,“群体访”、“越级访”、“重复访”情况时有发生,信访人及近亲属缠访、闹访情况比较严重.依法妥善解决涉法涉诉信访问题,诉访分离是关键.诉访分离是解决涉法涉诉信访问题的有效途径,政法机关唯有理性改革、整合资源、完善机制、正确面对,才能适应修改后的民事诉讼法和司法改革的需要,才能引导好、处理好、解决好涉法涉诉信访难题.     

关于追缴犯罪所得的国际司法合作问题研究

作者根据我国目前在追缴犯罪所得方面国际司法合作的实践,列举了五个急需通过国内立法或者国际协议加以解决的问题,即:⑴如何根据外国的刑事司法协助请求对银行帐户资金实行扣划或者对有关的不动产实行处置;⑵如何在有关的追缴和返还合作中切实保护善意第三人和潜在权利人的合法权益;⑶如何在案犯外逃的情况下决定对属于犯罪所得的财产予以追缴和没收;⑷如何合理确定追缴程序中的举证责任;⑸如何处理发生在追缴合作中的费用补偿和收益分享问题。文章对外国的有关法律制度以及国际条约的相关规定进行了介绍和比较研究,在此基础上,就上述问题的解决提出如下建议:完善我国刑事诉讼中对赃款赃物的“简易处置”制度,增加配套的法院裁决程序;在我国建立承认与执行外国刑事罚没裁决的司法审查制度;在特定情况下将附带民事诉讼程序前移,并在条件成熟时设立独立的财产没收程序;变通现行的证据制度,要求特定案件中的财物持有人或者关系人承担关于合法来源或者善意享有的证明责任;本着互惠和务实的精神处理被追缴财物的国际分享问题,建立专门的基金组织将分享的资金转换为开展有关国际合作的资源。     

Why terrorists target children: Outbidding,desperation, and extremism in the Peshawar and Beslan school massacres

ABSTRACT

Why do terrorists engage in behavior that is extreme even by their own admission—killing children? This behavior poses a major puzzle to our understanding of terrorism, but it has been surprisingly underexplored. This article addresses the question of why terrorists intentionally target children with a comparative study of the two deadliest attacks in which children were deliberately targeted by a militant organization: the Peshawar (2014) and Beslan (2004) school massacres. The article identifies two factors that increase the likelihood that a terrorist group will target children. The first is the presence of internal rifts within an already highly violent organization. This is likely to trigger outbidding and, thus, result in more brutal attacks. The second is existentially threatening external pressure, which seriously weakens the group and, thus, leads it to select soft and shocking targets, such as schools. The findings are based on evidence drawn from primary and secondary sources, including interviews conducted in Peshawar and Islamabad, Pakistan, and Moscow, Russia.     

Seeking Systemic Change: Risk and Protective Factors Affecting Low-Income Urban Youth

This themed issue presents five articles tackling the topic of risk and protective processes affecting children and adolescents living in urban poverty. Through their research, the authors seek understanding of the particular challenges that low-income urban youth face, with the ultimate goal of understanding how best to intervene at various levels of the ecological system. Within this broad theme, studies examine specific stressors, mediators, and moderators that impact the mental health of youth living in urban poverty. The final article presents a data-driven, community-based intervention for this population.     

完善我国困境儿童救助立法问题研究

我国政府一贯重视儿童福利事业与权益保障问题,但目前一些地方的"婴儿安全岛"所遭遇暂停或关闭的现实问题,从一个侧面反映了我国困境儿童救助体系与救助立法方面仍存在不足。我们应当加快立法步伐,通过制定《儿童社会福利条例》,修订《收养法》,做好与《收养法》相关制度的配套完善工作,建立困境儿童的监护干预、监护权撤销与转移制度等,进一步健全和完善我国儿童福利与权益保护法律制度,全方位提高我国困境儿童救助与法治保障水平。     

选择性侦查的个体与组织原因探讨

选择性侦查是一种客观存在,其存在有个体原因与组织原因,一味强调选择性侦查而无法律授权,有肆意侦查的可能性,而绝对禁止选择性侦查又是不现实的。从侦查中的委托-代理关系、对侦查人员个体的人性假设和晋升锦标赛式激励等方面,对选择性侦查存在的个体与组织原因进行分析,以加深对选择性侦查的理解。     

合同转让制度中权利义务责任的平衡观

合同转让包括合同权利的转让与合同义务的转让。合同债权转让不应以通知债务人为生效条件,以出让人与受让人达成转让合意为条件才符合合同法的基本原理,通知债务人是出让人转让债权的附随义务。在债权双重让与时,由于债权请求权属性与物权的不同,无法通过公示制度保护第三人利益,唯有强化受让人的注意义务才有助于实现当事人之间权益的平衡。合同义务的转让主要包括免责的债务承担与并存的债务承担,并存的债务承担在实务中的界定是较难把握的,免责的债务承担第三人承受移转债务负有给付义务。     

反思与探究:“孙大午案”的剖析及司法理念的重塑

"孙大午案"折射出司法者对非法吸收公众存款罪持宽泛理解的态度,通过本案可看出法体系整体性思考的重要性,以及前置法——刑法阶层性思维的必要性。非法吸收公众存款罪中的"存款"应仅限于"银行信用"范畴,通过引入"既存的实质性联系"标准对"不特定"的内涵进行限定,从而实现前置法与刑法之间的衔接。进一步,刑法具有二次性违法的特征,司法过程切忌价值先行。