“Our biggest killer”: multimodal discourse representations of dementia in the British press

A recent (2016) Office for National Statistics report stated that dementia is now “the leading cause of death” in England and Wales. Ever fixated with the syndrome (an unfailingly newsworthy topic), the British press was quick to respond to the bulletin, consistently headlining that dementia was the nation’s “biggest killer,” while (re)formulating other aspects of the report in distorting and emotive metaphorical terms. In this paper we examine how the media, through use of a recurring set of linguistic and visual semiotic tropes, portrayed dementia as an agentive entity, a “killer,” which remorselessly attacks its “victims.” Such a broadly loaded and sensationalist representation, we argue, not only construed dementia as a direful and pernicious disease, but also, crucially, obscured the personal and social contexts in which the syndrome is understood and experienced (not least by people with dementia themselves). This intensely lurid type of representation not only fails to address the ageist misinformation and common misunderstandings that all too commonly surround dementia, but is also likely to exacerbate the stress and depression frequently experienced by people with dementia and their families.     

口蹄疫A型灭活疫苗毒种和种子批的研究

为了保证制苗及攻毒用毒种的质量和稳定性,在对制苗和攻毒毒种的毒力、特异性、保存期、扩繁代次等进行研究的基础上,建立了口蹄疫A型灭活疫苗制苗和攻毒用毒种种子批。结果表明,原始毒种和基础毒种的扩繁代次均控制在5代以内,适宜的保存方法和保存期均为加含 500 mL／L甘油的PBS后在-30℃保存1年、-70℃保存2年;用于生产抗原的工作毒种,最高扩繁代次控制在15代以内,最佳保存方法和保存期为加保护剂后在-20℃保存半年、-70℃保存1 年;用于效力检验的攻毒毒种采用原始毒种。通过制苗和攻毒用毒种种子批的建立,规范了口蹄疫疫苗生产和检验过程中的毒种管理。     

复方丹参滴丸治疗冠心病39例

影察复方丹参滴丸治疗冠心病心绞痛等的疗效，初步揭示该药的临床作用机理。方法：３９例冠心病患者行冠状动脉造影术，并按统一标准进行中医辨证，观察配服复方丹参滴丸后血分数等的关系。     

论精神分裂症与外力致伤的关系：从一例司法精神鉴定案的始末谈起

司法精神鉴定具有特定的复杂性,尤其是对于外力致伤程度的评定应严格把握好外伤所致精神病与外伤所诱发的精神病的鉴定标准。     

卫生知识与性别分工——近代中国传染病知识的性别化传播研究

女性是近代传染病知识传播的重要受众。得益于近代中国对传染病防治的日益重视和"家庭"在传染病防治中的特殊地位,妇女报刊和以教科书为基础的学校教育将较为系统前沿的传染病知识传播给女性。同时,通俗实用的传染病知识也经由民众教育向普通城乡妇女传播。在近代传染病知识向女性传播的过程中,性别化传播始终存在。传统性别分工成为向女性传播传染病知识的重要依据,性别化传播也在一定程度上强化了传统性别分工。但在缺乏医学启蒙的近代中国,围绕"家庭"的知识传播,向女性提供了必要的传染病防治知识。近代中国重视以家庭为单位的传染病知识传播策略,可以给当下提升城乡居民传染病防治素养以启示。     

X染色体遗传标记的研究应用进展

X染色体遗传标记在法医学中占有不可或缺的位置,因其独特的结构和遗传特征而被应用于复杂亲缘鉴定。目前应用于法医遗传学领域的有超过50个高度多态性X-STRs,筛选到高度多态性的X-SNPs和X-Indels的数量也在逐渐增加,且X染色体特异性遗传标记对复杂疾病的易感性也受到了临床工作者的重视。本文就X染色体遗传标记在法医学及临床医学上的研究和应用进行综述。     

口蹄疫病毒3C蛋白酶的T4噬菌体表面展示

对FMDV 3C基因克隆质粒p3C-T进行PCR扩增,获得了口蹄疫病毒3C蛋白酶基因片段,将此片段与T4噬菌体整合质粒pR的EcoRⅠ酶切片段连接,转化E．coli,DH5α工程菌,经EcoRⅠ酶切、质粒PCR扩增、插入方向筛选及测序鉴定,成功获得了T4噬菌体重组整合质粒pR- 3C。将其转化E．coli E2后,与SOC基因缺失的噬菌体φT4-Z1同源重组,经溶菌酶依赖性筛选,获得了快速溶菌型噬菌体φT4-3C。经噬菌体PCR扩增、SDS-PAGE分析和Western-bot分析,重组噬菌体可展示约26 ku的重组蛋白;其大小与预期相符,具有免疫原性。     

The Average Treatment and Its Cost,Age, and Gender of Patients With Ischemic Heart Diseases

Ensuring efficient treatment of patients in hospital care, with precise management of resources and cost planning. Goals： Dividing the patients with ischemic heart diseases into five groups with the highest cost of treatment, and determining the link among the cost of treatment and the average length of hospital stay, age, and gender of these patients. Materials and methods： Standardized reports of 10,040 patients from three hospitals in Macedonia from 2010 to 2012 were used. The databases were processed in SPSS 17, and the ANOVA and the Chi-square test were applied. Results and discussion： There is a statistically significant difference between the groups which have different cost of treatment and the average length of their treatment （F = 183.63 and p = 0.000） and a statistically significant difference between the five most expensive groups of patients in terms of their gender （Chi-square = 370.262, df = 4, and p = 0.000）. Furthermore, there are statistically significant differences between patients with different cost of treatment in terms of their age （F = 24.25 and p = 0.000）. Conclusion： The ＂most expensive＂ patients have the longest average hospital stay.     

Cancer,HIV, and terrorism: translating public health models for prevention and control to counter-terrorism

What can cancer and HIV tell us about terrorism? How would we proceed if terrorism were a disease? A comparison of cancer and HIV can suggest alternative ways of conceptualizing terrorism and counter-terrorism using contrasting disease models that emphasize differing connections between etiology and prevention and control. A public health model also can help us think about terrorism as a basic research problem to be translated into therapeutic and preventive applications rather than primarily as a policy or political problem that makes only selective use of research studies. Through this re-conceptualization of terrorism as a basic and translational research challenge, we can draw upon the examples of the U.S. ‘War on Cancer’ and response to the ‘Aids Epidemic’ to help identify gaps in organizing academic and other resources to wage the ‘War on Terrorism.’ Recognizing and addressing these gaps could ultimately pave the way for more effective strategies in understanding and responding to the significant threats posed by terrorism, from the identification of factors that produce terrorist acts to the implementation of informed measures for the prevention and control of terrorist, and even proto-terrorist, activity.     

Alcohol‐Induced Osteopenia Among In‐Custody and Homicide Deaths from the Harris County Institute of Forensic Sciences

Four cases of in‐custody or unlawful death are presented as examples of increased bone fragility with an associated increase in fracture rates due to ethanol‐induced osteopenia. In addition, one of the individuals suffered fractures several weeks premortem, allowing some healing to take place. Using radiographs and physical examination, the ribs from these individuals are compared with those retained from three individuals with no history of alcoholism to illustrate diagnostic characteristics that will be notable using standard autopsy and anthropological procedures. Trabecular bone mass is notably decreased in the alcoholic group leading to a greater chance of fracture occurring during conflict, including arrest and in‐custody situations. The average number of perimortem fractures among the alcoholic individuals is 15, while the control group is six. In the case of the individual with healing, the degree of bone repair on the ribs was less than is expected considering the interval between injury and death.