新城疫病毒Mukteswar毒株反向遗传系统的建立

为了建立新城疫病毒(NDV)Mukteswar毒株的反向遗传操作系统,根据已测定的NDV Muk-teswar毒株的全基因组序列设计了5对引物,扩增出包含全基因组cDNA的5条片段,并按一定顺序依次克隆入pSL1180载体中,然后在cDNA 5′末端插入T7启动子序列,3′末端导入具有自我剪切功能的丁肝病毒核酶序列和T7转录终止信号,构建了能转录具有精确5′和3′末端全基因组cDNA的转录载体pNDVT7。将表达核蛋白、磷酸蛋白及转录大蛋白的辅助表达载体pCIneoNP、pCIneoP和pCIneoL与pNDVT7按一定比例混合共转染BRS-T7细胞,4 d后将细胞悬液接种9日龄SPF鸡胚,结果获得了高效价的重组病毒。表明本研究建立的反向遗传系统能高效、快速拯救重组新城疫病毒毒株。     

兔出血症病毒与欧洲野兔综合征病毒复合RT-PCR检测方法的建立

为建立用于兔出血症病毒(RHDV)和欧洲野兔综合征病毒(EBHSV)诊断鉴别的快速检测方法,根据GenBank中的RHDV和EBHSV基因组序列,设计合成5条特异性引物和9条重叠延伸引物,分别以通过重叠延伸PCR人工合成的EBHSV VP60基因中359bp基因片段构建的重组质粒pGM-T-EBHSV和RHDV RT-PCR产物构建的pGM-T-RHDV为模板,经过反应条件的优化、敏感性试验和特异性试验,初步建立了RHDV和EBHSV的复合RT-PCR检测方法,并对20份临床样品和5份RHDV人工感染样品进行了检测。结果表明,建立的复合RT-PCR方法具有良好的特异性和敏感性,可分别扩增出RHDV和EBHSV的特异性目的片段192bp和335bp,对2种病毒的检测限度均可达到50copies的目的基因片段,兔巴氏杆菌、兔大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌核酸扩增均为阴性。样品检测结果显示,5份人工感染样品的RHDV检出率为100%,20份临床样品的RHDV检测为阴性。     

Lower extremity deep venous thrombosis with fatal pulmonary thromboembolism caused by benign pelvic space-occupying lesions--an overview

Venous stasis predisposes to thrombosis. One hundred and sixty cases of fatal pulmonary thromboembolism were reviewed to determine how many cases had deep venous thromboses associated with venous blood flow reduction caused by external pressure from benign pelvic masses. Three cases were identified, representing 2% of cases overall (3/160): a 44-year-old woman with a large uterine leiomyoma (1048 g); a 74-year-old man with prostatomegaly and bladder distension (containing 1 L of urine); and a 70-year-old man with prostatomegaly and bladder distension (containing 3 L of urine). Although a rare cause of fatal deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism, space-occupying pelvic lesions can lead to extrinsic pressure on adjacent veins reducing blood flow and causing stasis and thrombosis. Individuals with large pelvic masses may, therefore, be at increased risk of pulmonary thromboembolism from deep venous thrombosis, particularly in the presence of concurrent risk factors such as immobility, thrombophilias, malignancy, and significant cardiopulmonary disease.     

芪白平肺胶囊治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病

目的 探讨芪白平肺胶囊治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD）合并抑郁障碍的疗效。方法 将58例COPD合并抑郁障碍患者随机分为治疗组（29例）与对照组（29例）,在常规治疗基础上,治疗组与对照组分别加用芪白平肺胶囊与氟哌噻吨美利曲辛,观察两组患者血液流变性、T淋巴细胞亚群及汉密尔顿抑郁量表（Hamilton depression scale,HAMD）评分的变化。结果 治疗组在降低COPD合并抑郁患者的HAMD评分,降低全血高切、低切黏度及血浆比黏度,升高CD4+细胞百分比,降低CD8+细胞百分比方面显著优于对照组（P<0.05,或P<0.01）。结论 芪白平肺胶囊能改善COPD抑郁障碍患者血液流变性,调节T淋巴细胞亚群,降低HAMD评分,对COPD患者有较好疗效。     

肺动脉血栓栓塞猝死23例法医病理学分析

目的分析肺动脉血栓栓塞(pulmonary thromboembolism,PTE)猝死的法医病理学特点,探讨血栓的演变过程及外伤等邻近事件与PTE猝死的因果关系判定方法。方法对四川华西法医学鉴定中心1998—2008年23例PTE猝死案件进行回顾分析。结果PTE猝死合并外伤、手术、制动等危险因素,其中外伤12例,手术21例;院内发生22例,以伤后住院时间1～2周及术后1周多见。PTE中17例为反复性栓子栓塞,余为一次性栓塞。栓子来源于下肢深静脉系统16例,左侧多见。结论明确栓子的来源、外伤及外科手术等邻近事件对于确定PTE猝死是至关重要的。     

Impact of Myocardial Infarction and Abnormalities of Cardiac Conduction System on Sudden Cardiac DeathCSCD

Sudden cardiac death (SCD), most commonly seen in coronary heart disease, is a kind of sudden death caused by series of cardiac parameters, which usually combines with myocardial infarction. However, some SCDs (including early myocardial infarction) happen suddenly and cause death in a very short time. In these circumstances, typical morphological changes are lack in macroscopic or microscopic fields, which make such SCDs become the emphasis and difficulty in the present research. SCD caused by myocardial infarction and abnormalities of cardiac conduction system (CCS) is related to atherosclerosis of coronary artery closely. This paper reviews cardiac dysfunction caused by myocardial infarction and diseases of CCS from morphology and molecular biology, and explores potential relationship between them. This paper aims to provide clues to the mechanism of myocardial infarction related sudden death and possible assistance for forensic diagnosis of SCD. © 2017 by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.     

Wandering Dementia—A Syndrome with Forensic Implications

Wandering behavior in dementia may result in significant injury or death. Search of files at Forensic Science South Australia over a 20‐year period (1998–2018) identified nine individuals with dementia who were found deceased having been reported as missing from home/residential facilities (M:F, 6:3; age range, 54–92 years; average, 77.7 years; median, 80 years). The established clinical diagnoses were of dementia in seven cases and Alzheimer disease in two. Deaths were unnatural in six cases: hypo/hyperthermia three, drowning two, train impact one; natural in two cases due to ischemic (N=1) and valvular heart disease (N=1); and undetermined in one case due to marked decomposition. There were five fatalities in winter. Exposure and drowning were significant causes of death. The increasing aging population means cases of lethal wandering dementia will be more often encountered among forensic cases in future. Issues around duty of care and suicide should be considered in evaluating cases.     

Forensic Case Reports Presenting Immersion Pulmonary Edema as a Differential Diagnosis in Fatal Diving Accidents

Immersion Pulmonary Edema (IPE) reduces the transport of gases over the respiratory membrane due to edema in the interstitium and respiratory zones. IPE has previously been described in both swimmers and divers, with a few known fatal cases. We have reviewed 42 SCUBA and snorkeling‐related drowning deaths, and through a thorough analysis of each case, including both diving physiology and forensic pathology, we present IPE as a differential diagnosis to drowning in four cases. Our findings propose that; absence of watery content in the stomach and conducting airways, and liquid filled lungs without hyperexpansion, may be compatible with IPE. We suggest that IPE should be considered in cases where witness testimony reveals; no obvious signs of aspiration and rapid respiratory deterioration despite continuous breathing through an appropriate air source. The diagnosis should be based on the overall impression, including both the autopsy findings and the circumstances regarding the accident.     

用3AB-ELISA鉴别猪口蹄疫病毒感染与疫苗免疫猪的研究

采用大肠埃希氏菌表达的口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)非结构蛋白3AB(FMDV 3AB)多肽为抗原,A G蛋白 辣根过氧化物酶为酶结合物,过氧化氢 四甲基联苯胺为底物溶液,建立了一种可鉴别FMD感染与灭活疫苗免疫猪血清抗体的间接酶联免疫吸附试验(I ELISA),即3AB ELISA。通过对1779份健康猪、免疫猪及人工感染猪血清的检测,确定了该I ELISA的阳性 阴性判定临界值。该检测方法比VIAA AGID法检出率高,尤其是采用A G蛋白酶结合物后操作更简便。     

缝隙连接、连接蛋白与冠心病猝死

缝隙连接(gapjunction,GJ)构成细胞之间的跨膜水相通道,协调细胞间化学及电信息的交流。心脏上缝隙连接的主要功能是为心肌细胞间的电冲动提供低压传导通路,并维持心肌的协调运动。近年来的研究显示,心肌细胞(特别是心室肌工作细胞)上构成缝隙连接的连接蛋白含量、分布及功能的异常与各种心律失常的产生和持续关系密切。这很可能为临床及法医实践中,诊断冠心病猝死心肌早期病变提供一个新的思路。