“清肺散”穴位贴敷治疗痰热郁肺证慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重35例

目的观察"清肺散"穴位贴敷对痰热郁肺证慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)患者的临床疗效。方法将痰热郁肺证AECOPD患者70例采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组35例。对照组予西医常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上予以"清肺散"穴位贴敷治疗,疗程为10d。比较两组患者的临床疗效、治疗前后动脉血氧分压(partial pressure of oxygen,PaO2)和动脉血二氧化碳分压(partial pressure of carbon dioxide,PaCO2)以及血清降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)和超敏C反应蛋白(high-sensitivity C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)水平的变化情况。结果两组临床疗效分布比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组疗效优于对照组;治疗后,两组患者的PaO2水平较治疗前显著升高,PaCO2水平较治疗前显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗前后PaO2、PaCO2差值比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组PCT、hs-CRP水平较治疗前降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组治疗前后PCT、hs-CRP差值比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 "清肺散"穴位贴敷联合西医常规治疗可以改善AECOPD患者缺氧状态,减轻炎症程度,提高临床疗效。     

中医证型、理化指标与慢性心力衰竭预后的相关性分析

目的 分析慢性心力衰竭（chronic heart failure,CHF）患者中医证型、理化指标与终点事件发生的相关性。方法 开展巢式病例对照研究,回顾山东中医药大学附属医院住院治疗的623例CHF患者,选取随访期间发生心源性死亡的62例患者为病例组,以1∶2比例匹配性别相同、年龄差异不大于2岁且未死亡的124例患者为对照组。两组分别从中医辨证分型、N末端B型脑钠肽前体（N-terminal brain natriuretic propeptide,NT-proBNP）、心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cardiac troponin Ⅰ,cTnⅠ）、血红蛋白（hemoglobin,Hb）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）等方面进行分析。采用对数秩检验（log-rank）进行单因素分析,COX比例风险模型进行多因素分析。结果 基线资料表明,两组NT-proBNP、cTnⅠ、LDL-C、Hb、左室射血分数、纽约心脏病协会分级和中医证型分布比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;单因素分析表明,NT-proBNP、cTnⅠ、LDL-C、Hb、阳气亏虚血瘀证是CHF患者预后的相关因素;多因素分析发现,NT-proBNP（OR值为1.531,95% CI为1.210～1.936）、cTnⅠ(OR值为3.236,95% CI为1.818～5.760)、阳气亏虚血瘀证（OR值为1.798,95% CI为1.026～3.149）是CHF患者预后的独立危险因素。结论 NT-proBNP、cTnⅠ、阳气亏虚血瘀证是预测CHF患者心源性死亡的独立危险因素,可用于评估患者预后。     

参芪健心方治疗射血分数中间值心力衰竭患者临床观察

目的 观察参芪健心方治疗射血分数中间值心力衰竭(heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction, HFmrEF)的临床疗效。方法 将60例HFmrEF患者按随机数字表法平均分为两组,观察组30例患者在西医基础治疗的同时,给予参芪健心方治疗,每日1剂;对照组30例患者仅接受西医基础治疗;疗程均为4周。比较两组患者治疗前后脑钠肽(B-type natriuretic peptid, BNP)、左心室舒张末内径(left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, LVEDD)、左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF)、6分钟步行距离(6 minutes walking distance, 6MWD)、中医证候积分,基于纽约心脏病协会(New York Heart Association, NYHA)心功能分级的临床疗效及主要心血管不良事件(major adverse cardiovascular events, MACE)发生情况。结果 与治疗前比较,两组患...     

浅析侦查讯问失败原因

侦查讯问是一项政策性、原则性、法律性很强的工作。在侦查讯问的实践中,由于种种原因导致一些案件讯问失败,给侦查办案带来困难。所以,对侦查讯问失败的原因进行分析的目的就在于从中找出教训,保证侦查办案的顺利进行。     

就两起侦审失败的案例谈刑侦工作的新思路

以现代高科技为手段 ,加强微量物证的收集 ,大力扩充刑事技术认定犯罪的范围 ;加大第一次讯问力度 ,运用多种方法固定口供 ,使作案人无翻供可能 ;提高侦审中的证据意识和庭审意识 ,建立确凿有力的证据链条 ,是克服侦审失败的有效做法     

The criminal career: Estimates of the duration and frequency of crime commission

This paper deals with measuring two dimensions of the criminal career: residual duration and frequency. It reports results from estimating the parameters of a model in which offenders have a probability of desisting from further participation in crime following a conviction and, if they persist, a rate of crime commission. The probability of desisting and the rate of commission are seen as varying with offenders' personal characteristics and criminal records. Moreover, this paper discusses the difficulty of estimating models in which failure to commit a new crime might be attributable either to termination of the criminal career or to a censored follow-up period. The paper reports both successful and unsuccessful estimation attempts and discusses complications when distinguishing empirically between duration and frequency.     

鹿角方对充血性心力衰竭大鼠血浆心钠素的影响

目的：为了观察鹿角方对充血性心力衰竭（ＣＨＦ）大鼠血浆心钠素（ＡＮＦ）的影响。方法：采用实验性腹主动脉银夹狭窄大鼠模型,观察左室重量指数（ＬＶＭＩ）,放免测定血浆ＡＮＦ。结果：模型组血浆ＡＮＦ水平较假手术组明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,鹿角方大剂量组和鹿角方小剂量组血浆ＡＮＦ水平较模型组显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１,Ｐ＜０．０５）;模型组ＬＶＭＩ较假手术组显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,鹿角方大剂量组和鹿角方小剂量组ＬＶＭＩ较模型组明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１,Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：鹿角方具有逆转ＣＨＦ大鼠左室肥厚及降低血浆ＡＮＦ水平的作用     

Stochastic models for analyzing Criminal Careers

The recent National Research Counci! Panel on Research on Criminal Careers (Blumsteinet al., 1986) identified the following as one of its items for future research: ... changes in the model [for analyzing criminal careers] are needed to reflect the consequences of the considerable heterogeneity in the values of A. This paper discusses the range of stochastic models available that take account of variations in A that occur during an individual offender's career, variations in A between different types of offenders, and both forms of variation simultaneously. Together these models are a flexible and powerful tool for studying criminal careers. For completeness, failure rate regression models are also briefly described.     

The logic of competitive influence-seeking: Russia,Ukraine, and the conflict in Donbas

The crisis in Ukraine since late 2013 has seen four successive internationally mediated agreements that have been at best partially implemented. Drawing on extensive fieldwork and 42 key informant interviews sides, we explain this outcome with reference to the logic of competitive influence-seeking: Russia is currently unable to achieve a friendly and stable regime in Kyiv and thus hedges against the consolidation of an unfriendly pro-Western and stable regime by maintaining its control over parts of eastern Ukraine and solidifying the dependence of local regimes there on Russian support. This gives Russia the opportunity to maintain the current status quo or settle for re-integration terms through which Russia can sustain long-term influence over Ukraine’s domestic and foreign policy. We conclude by reflecting on the consequences of competitive influence-seeking in the post-Soviet space: the likely persistence of low-intensity conflict in Ukraine; the further consolidation of territorial divisions in other post-Soviet conflicts; and the need for policy-makers in Russia and the West to prioritize the management of the consequent instability.     

DFBotKiller: Domain-flux botnet detection based on the history of group activities and failures in DNS traffic

Each botnet needs an addressing mechanism to locate its command and control (C&C) server(s). This mechanism allows a botmaster to send commands to and receive stolen data from compromised hosts. To maximize the availability of the C&C server(s), botmasters have recently started to use domain-flux techniques. However, domain-flux botnets have some important characteristics that we can use to detect them. They usually generate a large number of DNS queries resolved to the same IP address and they often generate many failures in DNS traffic. The domain names in the DNS queries are randomly or algorithmically generated and their alphanumeric distribution is significantly different from legitimate ones. In this paper, we present DFBotKiller, a negative reputation system that considers the history of both suspicious group activities and suspicious failures in DNS traffic to detect domain-flux botnets. Our main goal is to automatically assign a high negative reputation score to each host that is involved in these suspicious domain activities. To identify randomly or algorithmically generated domain names, we use three measures, namely the Jensen-Shannon divergence, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, and Levenshtein distance. We demonstrate the effectiveness of DFBotKiller to detect hosts infected by domain-flux botnets using multiple DNS queries collected from our campus network and a testbed network consisting of some bot-infected hosts. The experimental results show that DFBotKiller can make a good trade-off between the detection and false alarm rates.