家兔双前肢悬挂致死过程中的电生理研究

目的探讨悬挂体位致窒息死亡的电生理方面的机制。方法成年家兔12只,雌雄不限。随机分为两组:一组监测膈肌肌电图,另一组监测肋间肌肌电图、心电图、脑电图。取仰卧位固定,手术暴露膈肌和肋间肌,引导肌电图;同时引导标准Ⅱ导联心电图和脑电图。然后将家兔固定双前肢悬挂,连续监测实验过程中家兔的心电、脑电、肌电图的变化情况,直至其死亡。结果悬挂末期和悬挂初期相比,膈肌肌电频率下降(P<0.05)、呼吸波持续时间、振幅和面积均有延长或增多(P<0.05)、最大传导速度无变化;肋间肌仅见肌电频率下降(P<0.05);脑电振幅降低(P<0.01)、δ波增多(P<0.01)、β波减少(P<0.05);心电仅见各波形振幅的降低(P<0.01)。膈肌肌电频率的下降最早,脑电频率的下降次之,肋间肌肌电的下降最晚(P<0.01)。结论悬挂体位致窒息死亡的机制的始动因素是呼吸运动受限,并最终形成外周性呼吸肌疲劳和呼吸中枢缺氧性衰竭而发生死亡。     

侦查策略浅析

在侦查工作实践中,案件的侦破过程即是侦查人员进行决策的过程。侦查决策的施用正确与否,直接关系到侦查工作的效率和侦破水平。可以说,侦查决策的施用正确与否,是关系侦查工作成败的关键性问题。因此,对这个问题予以认真研究,具有十分重要的现实意义。本文主要分析了侦查策略的界定、侦查策略的结构要素、侦查策略与侦查失败的关系,最后提出了侦查人员如何加强侦查策略施用能力的几点建议。     

政府失灵的又一种救治途径——一种不同于公共选择理论的分析

公共选择理论认为政治市场与经济市场一样,官员也是追求自身利益最大化的"经济人",这与官员作为公共利益的代表存在持久的冲突,并导致政府失灵,进而得出结论是:市场失灵并不是政府干预的充分条件,政府应尽量减少干预,最大限度地约束政府的权力范围。但是笔者以为,对于市场经济已经非常成熟而且官僚制业已达到极致的西方发达国家是适用的而且实践证明是成功的。但对于我国而言,减少干预只是解决问题的一个很小的方面,因为"后发外生型"国家要实现跨越式发展,没有政府的大量干预和推动是不可能实现的。解决问题的关键在于在政府利益与公共利益之间建立起一整套激励共容机制,这样政府利益不仅不会损害公共利益,反而更能促进公共利益。     

公共政策执行失灵：以博弈为特征的廉租房政策执行

近年来，我国廉租房政策执行失灵，综合看来，是多元化博弈的结果。文章分析了廉租房政策执行失灵的表现及原因，在此基础上，提出了相关对策。     

Can Renal Acute Tubular Necrosis Be Differentiated from Autolysis at Autopsy?*

Abstract: We investigate the morphological characteristics that may differentiate between ischemic acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and autolysis in postmortem samples. Renal tissue from 57 postmortem cases with an antemortem diagnosis of ATN and 57 age-/sex-matched control cases were examined for 10 morphological characteristics: epithelial proliferation (Ki-67 immunoperoxidase positivity), fibrin thrombi, tubular epithelial whorls, mitoses, casts, autolysis, tubulorrhexis, epithelial flattening, interstitial inflammation, and interstitial expansion. Tubular epithelial whorls were found in 16 ATN cases and were absent in controls. These findings suggest that specific morphological criteria may distinguish ischemic ATN from autolysis. Diagnoses of ATN may be confirmed using these combined criteria as contributing to cause of death and/or to ascertain previously undiagnosed cases of ATN postmortem.     

参麦注射液合丹参治疗慢性充血性心功能衰竭36例

目的:观察参麦注射液合丹参治疗慢性充血性心功能衰竭的疗效.方法:66例患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,两组均予西医常规治疗,治疗组36例加用参麦注射液和注射用丹参(冻干)静脉滴注,两组均治疗15 d,观察两组心功能疗效、证候疗效、心功能相关指标和血液流变学指标变化.结果:治疗组心功能疗效、证候疗效、心功能相关指标改善均优于对照组,血液流变学指标亦有明显改善.结论:参麦注射液合丹参治疗慢性充血性心功能衰竭疗效可靠,优于单纯西药治疗.     

氟对奶山羊体内抗氧化功能影响的研究

以奶山羊为试验动物 ,按体重灌服氟化钠 ,复制奶山羊氟病模型 ,研究氟对奶山羊体内抗氧化功能的影响。研究结果表明 ,氟在体内可降低机体的抗氧化功能 ,对机体造成一系列损伤 ;氟通过抑制谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、葡萄糖 6 磷酸脱氢酶 (G6PD)活性 ,降低蛋白性抗氧化剂铜蓝蛋白 (CP)含量 ,破坏了机体清除自由基及抗氧化防御系统 ,使机体氧化应激反应强烈 ,产生一系列病理变化 ,表现出氟病的各种症状 ,构成了氟损伤机体的病理学基础。     

原发性高血压早期肾损害中医证型与血、尿β2-MG及尿ALB、IgG的关系

目的: 探讨原发性高血压(EH)早期亚临床肾损害与中医证型的关系.方法:参照国家卫生部<新药(中药)治疗高血压病临床研究指导原则>的中医辨证分型标准,对127例EH患者进行了中医辨证分型,采用放射免疫分析法(RIA)进行肾功能联检(血、尿β2-MG,尿ALB和IgG),并以健康人50例作对照.结果: ①轻、中及重度高血压患者的早期肾功能指标和正常人比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05),高血压病程<5年的早期肾功能指标与>5年者比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05或P<0.01);②中医辨证分型以阴虚阳亢证最多,其中肝火亢盛证肾损害较轻,阴虚阳亢证肾损害有加重趋势,但两者比较无显著性差异(P>0.05),痰湿壅盛证和阴阳两虚证肾损害进一步加重.结论:中医证候和EH早期肾损害程度有一定的关系,中医不同证型之间存在着客观化指标的区别,肾功能联检对高血压并发早期肾损害有重要意义.     

‘No Higher Duty’: Mabo and the Failure of Legal Foundation

The first half of the paper shows how the imperial quality of the common law putatively accommodates the demand for legal foundation. The second half takes the Mabo decision as a test of this supposed ability and finds it foundationally wanting. The continuing insistence of the indigenous presence provides the key. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Peacebuilding as Security in ‘Failing’ and Conflict-Prone States

Abstract

Peacebuilding activities in conflict-prone and post-conflict countries are based upon the assumption that effective—preferably liberal—states form the greatest prospect for a stable international order, and that failing or conflict-prone states represent a threat to international security. Peacebuilding is therefore a part of the security agenda. This has brought obvious benefits, most obviously much-needed resources, aid and capacity-building to conflict-prone countries in the form of international assistance, which has contributed to a decline in intrastate conflicts. However, there are a number of negative implications to the securitization of peacebuilding. This article considers the implications of this, and concludes that it is difficult to mediate between conventional and ‘critical’ views of peacebuilding since they are premised upon quite different assumptions regarding what peacebuilding is and what it should be.