The “Servants” of Dehradun: A Changing Relationship between Municipal Councillors and Voters in India

The “typical” municipal councillor in India is usually portrayed in the literature as a political entrepreneur in a clientelistic relationship with voters, providing privileged access to the state in return for electoral support. This article arose out of a lack of familiarity with this portrait and the municipal councillors (known locally as Parshads) of Dehradun. Ethnographic research and the co-construction of in-depth profiles with women Parshads revealed key differences in the ways that they get things done, the types of work they do and the ways that voters make demands. The term naukrani, meaning servant, is proposed to capture these dimensions of their everyday work, and to draw attention to the way Parshads are positioned in relation to an increasingly assertive electorate. It is argued that this positioning of naukrani is revelatory of a particular democratic logic in Dehradun and emergent political subjectivities, particularly among the middle class. By examining naukrani as an imposed positioning, rather than a strategic political identity, the limitations of politicians’ self-authorship are suggested. A focus on women Parshads hints at the gendered nature of this positioning and the implicit masculine bias in conventional understandings of political actors’ role in urban governance.     

公民意识:扩大公民有序政治参与的内生变量

公民意识是建立在民主法治、自由平等、权利责任、公平正义基础之上的一种社会观念,它是公民有序政治参与的内在要素与一种非制度性的前提条件,公民意识的萌发与觉醒推动着公民有序政治参与的展开,公民意识的发育程度决定着公民有序政治参与的水平与效果,而培育和完善与公民有序政治参与发展相适应的公民意识则需要社会从破治制度、组织结构、...     

生态权保护的法律探析

随着生态权理论的发展,许多国家和国际组织开始了生态权的立法实践。我国现行法也从不同角度折射出了生态权的影子,但并未在立法上予以确认,尤其是以生存权为核心的公民生态权至今也没有披上法律保护的外衣。应针对公民生态权实现所面临的困境,提出相应的法律对策,希企有助于公民生态权从应有权利转化为实有权利。     

实事求是思想与陕甘宁边区教育事业的发展

陕甘宁边区的国民基础教育是政府工作的重要方面,如何更好更快地发展边区教育事业,老一辈教育工作者的指导思想也经历过反复和曲折,对于教育“正规化”认识的深化就是一例。随着实事求是思想路线在全党的逐步确立,边区教育越来越贴近、深入边区实际,新民主主义教育在纠偏中得到发展,为中国革命胜利作出重大贡献。     

School Violence: The Role of Parental and Community Involvement

This study utilizes the School Survey on Crime and Safety to identify variables that predict lower levels of violence from four domains: school security, school climate, parental involvement, and community involvement. Negative binomial regression was performed and the findings indicate that statistically significant results come from all four domains. When modifying the sample to include only schools that offer some form of parental involvement opportunities, schools with greater parental volunteering and participation in subject area events experience reduced levels of violence. Implications from this analysis include developing creative methods for greater parental input in school activities.     

公民本位生存模式的伦理建构

技术理性思维方式对人类社会进行规划和设计,给人类带来的结果不仅是人类个体价值受到压抑,而且压抑了个体的道德中对他者负责的伦理意识,人类社会政治越来越依靠科学化和程序好的方式来管理。因此,我们需要抛除满足人的物质需求就是社会的发展,丰裕的物质增长就会带来民主和社会的想法,寻求人类对社会主体的关注度,构建公民本位生存模式,回归人类政治生活世界的本真向度。     

公民意识培育与宪法学教学

公民意识是现代国家公民的重要素质之一,同时也是社会主义市场经济、民主政治和法治建设的内在动力.教育是公民意识培育的重要途径之一.公民意识的培育是宪法学教学的题中之义,相对于其他学科,宪法学教学在公民意识的培育上有自己的优势.