The Deep Roots of Libya’s Security Fragmentation

Abstract

Six years after the 2011 revolution that toppled the Gaddafi regime, the political transition in Libya is at a standstill. The fragmented security landscape fuels chronic local conflicts, lawlessness, and insecurity, and paralyzes the political transition with destabilizing consequences on its neighbors. What explains the rapid, profound, and lasting security fragmentation that affected post-Gaddafi Libya? Notwithstanding the manifest failures of the international intervention during and after the 2011 conflict, this article argues that the security fragmentation in post-Gaddafi Libya is deeply rooted in domestic economic, cultural, and political factors. In particular, the Libyan economy offers almost no employment opportunities, and the country lacks a unitary government and functioning state institutions that it needs to redistribute its oil wealth. Under these circumstances, Libyans attempt to cope with economic hardship, insecurity, and lawlessness by turning towards their family, tribe, neighborhood, or ethnic group, thereby fueling the fragmentation of security. Libya’s current security fragmentation and instability can be seen as part of the messy historical process of state formation. During this phase, political and security agreements are brokered and institutionalized through localized processes of rebel governance whose realm of possible arrangements are determined by contextual economic, political and cultural constraints.     

试论劳动法的社会法特质

劳动法与民法的关系，尤其是劳动合同法与民法的关系，一直是近二十年来法学界研究的热点 问题。国内的社会法研究更多着眼于实在法层面，尤其是围绕法律部门之社会法，难以在社会法与强调自身已 经实现社会化的现代民法之间划出明晰界线。社会法需要进行法理与法哲学思考，通过何为“社会法”之“社 会”、何为“社会法”之“法”、“社会”之“法”与社会法是何种关系这三个问题揭示社会法的特质，继而 论证劳动法作为典型的社会法，难以在民法体系内实现逻辑自洽。此外，社会法的核心是有机体内的伦理规则， 但并不完全排斥契约，合意的“触发性作用”仍不可或缺，劳动争议可以在一定范围适用民法规则。     

民法与和谐社会的精神共鸣

和谐社会理念与民法精神具有高度的一致性,其哲学基础分别是“天人合一”和“泛神论”,后两者所共同蕴含的主体意识和自然理性达致了前两者的现代交汇。构建和谐社会,民法在观念重塑、人格养成、文化修正以及制度保障等方面肩负重要使命。     

手机短信侵权民事责任探析

手机短信侵权是指短信发送行为人由于过错侵害了他人的财产权和人身权。结合我国《民法通则》第106、134条和其他相应法律法规的法律原则,运用侵权行为法的一般理论对手机短信侵权的构成要件、责任主体和归责问题进行分析,并从有法可依、有法必依的角度提出建立手机短信侵权规制制度的框架性构想。     

The Criminogenic,Clinical, and Social Problems of Forensic and Civil Psychiatric Patients

Forensic psychiatric patients consume an increasing proportion of mental health resources in Canada and the United States. To inform mental health policy and practice, we compared the criminogenic, clinical, and social problems of forensic patients to those of civilly committed psychiatric patients in two Canadian studies. We predicted that forensic patients would score higher on criminogenic problems and lower on clinical and social problems than civil patients in two studies: one comparing 83 forensic and 189 civil inpatients on a clinician-completed form, the Resident Assessment Instrument--Mental Health, at an urban mental health center, and the second comparing 423 forensic and 178 civil patients assessed at different times using the Patient Problem Survey. The two studies were quite similar in their findings, despite differences in their samples, measures, and data collection methods. In both studies, forensic patients were similar to or lower than civil psychiatric patients in all criminogenic, clinical, and social problems. We conclude that forensic mental health services would benefit greatly by drawing from knowledge accumulated in the general psychiatric literature. This finding also supports the idea that many forensic patients can be appropriately diverted to nonforensic mental health services.     

论医疗民事责任的判定--医方承担医疗民事责任的范畴及认定标准

本文指出医方承担医疗民事责任的范围不应仅仅局限于医疗事故,还应包括其他一些因医方医疗行为所导致患者合法权益受损害的民事赔偿责任.从承担医疗违约责任和医疗侵权责任两个方面来讨论医疗民事责任,主张引进"善良注意义务"的医疗判断标准;将医方的告知义务区分为必须的告知义务与一般的告知义务,认为医方只对违反了必须的告知义务才承担相应的民事责任.     

论我国法院调解制度的重构——以协同主义诉讼模式为背景的分析

法院调解作为解决纠纷的方式之一在我国民事诉讼中占有重要的地位.法院调解的弊端从本源上是由我国职权主义诉讼模式下当事人与法院在诉讼中的角色分配不当、诉权与审判权的关系没有理顺造成的,对其加以完善应在新的诉讼模式下进行.在协同主义诉讼模式下重构法院调解制度,克服其存在的弊端,充分发挥其作用应成为我们的新选择.     

大陆法系国家司法考试制度比较与借鉴

我国司法考试制度应借鉴外国经验 ,尤其是大陆法系国家的经验。大陆法系国家司法考试制度在考试的管理制度、考试模式、考试内容和方式、实务训练等方面有着成熟的经验。我国司法考试制度应借鉴这些经验 ,制定《法律职业资格考试法》 ,建立科学、合理的分阶段司法考试形式 ,提高司法考试的报名条件 ,建立统一的实务训练制度。     

中美公共管理教育比较研究

为适应机构改革及非政府的公共管理或服务部门不断发展的需要,加快培养高素质的公务员队伍和公共事业管理人才,必须有效地开展公共管理教育.本文通过比较中美公共管理教育的特点、培训方式及教学方法,寻求公共管理教育共同的规律,探索我国公共管理教育的发展方向及培训模式,以指导北京市有效开展公共管理教育和搞好公务员培训工作.     

公民社会与和谐社会的构建

公民社会与和谐社会是一种相互促进与相互影响的良性互动关系.公民社会在构建社会主义和谐社会的过程中扮演着重要的角色.健全而成熟的公民社会,在促进社会整合,激发全社会的创造活力,协调各方面的利益关系,化解社会矛盾,维护社会公平与正义,促进社会安定与有序发展等方面发挥着重要的作用.