略论举证责任的适用条件

本文认为 ,民事诉讼中举证责任的适用条件不甚明确 ,乃是困扰我国民事审判方式改革 ,影响“谁主张 ,谁举证”原则之实施的一个重要因素。文章通过对其他国家和地区相关规定的比较研究 ,结合我国的立法规定 ,探讨了待证事实真伪不明之认定标准等问题。     

Law and Violence in Richard Wright's ‘Native Son’

This paper seeks to intervene in the continuing debate around violence as a function of law and violence as a condition of justice. It examines a key literary work of the American civil rights movement as an instance of the establishment of an ethical community anchored by the literary text, and argues that, within such a community, the literary text is the counter-violence to which the law can yield. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

论限制民事行为能力人之缔约能力--兼论合同法第47条之不足

各国法律和学界对限制民事行为能力人的合法权益的保护问题都给予了充分的关注,而我国的现行法律对此无论在其概念的外延范围上还是缔约能力上均缺乏应有的规定。文章在结合比较法研究的基础上对我国现行法上限制民事行为能力人概念的外延范围和缔约能力进行分析,同时对我国合同法第47条之规定进行反思,希冀对我国限制民事行为能力人法律制度之完善有所裨益。     

非法证据排除规则与我国的民事诉讼

20 0 2年 4月 1日起施行的《最高人民法院关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》标志着我国民事诉讼中的非法证据排除规则和判断标准得以正式确立。但对非法证据排除规则的规定不够明确 ,内容也不全面 ,需要作进一步完善 :明确民事诉讼中非法证据排除规则的适用对象 ;进一步明确和细化非法证据的判断标准 ;建立非法证据排除机制 ;明确民事诉讼中非法证据排除规则的例外 ,即“必然发现的例外”和“善意的例外”。     

Government Mapping of the Third Sector: A Government Innovation for Regulation and Coordination? Perspectives From the Third Sector

This article examines the policy tool of a registry of civil society organizations in a regulatory transparency framework. A registry serves as a government ‘mapping’ tool by collecting data on civil society and nonprofit organizations. Do government efforts to map the third sector hinder or foster nonprofit organizations’ capacity and their coordination? The balance between regulation and the strengthening of nonprofit organizations’ capacity and the coordination of goods and services through government innovations like the registries—i.e., third sector mappings—might indeed have the potential to foster a more effective and efficient third sector.     

概念界定在民事诉讼法修改和完善中的意义

国内法学界长期忽视了一个具有基础性意义的问题,即《民事诉讼法》中概念界定的问题。一部完善的《民事诉讼法》,不能没有属于自己的法律概念要素。"概念界定是完善民事诉讼法要素体系的关键",它对于完善民诉法体系具有重要意义。同时,在修改和完善我国《民事诉讼法》时,法国的《新民事诉讼法典》具有重要的借鉴价值。     

Auditing as a tool of government accountability? Exploring divergent causal mechanisms through three Honduran cases

Audits of government entities offer a potential tool to hold public officials to account and to improve the functioning of public administration; however, empirical studies of audit impacts show mixed results. This is largely due to the diversity of audit regimes with different goals and accountability mechanisms, which yield different causal chains. In this study, I compare three distinct audit regimes with distinct casual mechanisms in Honduras. I find that backward-looking audits, which aim to hold officials accountable for past behavior or performance, require effective horizontal accountability mechanisms to investigate and prosecute cases. Forward-looking audits, which aim to hold officials accountable for future behavior or performance, require independent accountability mechanisms, a systematic follow-up methodology, public dissemination, and pressure from the media and civil society. Complementary initiatives that build on audit recommended reforms are found to strengthen these weaknesses in the causal mechanism linking audits to outcomes.     

Local Renewable Energy Initiatives in Germany and Japan in a Changing National Policy Environment

Our article explores the contribution of local initiatives to the creation of path dependencies for energy transition in Germany and Japan in the face of resistance from entrenched incumbents at the national level. We use a process‐tracing methodology based partly on interviews with local participants. In particular, we explore the role of local initiatives in securing “socio‐political space” for the expansion of renewable energy (RE) and in embedding themselves in “ecosystems” of public and private institutions. German energy activists were more successful than their Japanese counterparts in expanding this space and creating positive feedback in part because they were able to build horizontal networks that anchored the energy transition firmly in local communities. Although problems with grid technology have led to retrenchment in both cases, Japanese activists' reliance on vertical networks has limited their ability to weather a backlash from national government and utility actors. Our study demonstrates the interaction of political, economic/technological, and legitimation paths to energy transition and highlights the importance of the latter two.     

历史视野中民法的“多彩人像”

对“民法上人”的特点或称“色彩”的假设是民法制度展开及其正当性的基础。罗马法上的人具有多神社会中“家”的祭司和二元社会中“家”的主权者双重色彩。近代民法上的人像包括人是“主体”的世界、抽象理性人、孤立的“经济人”三重色彩,其底色——对理性和人性的乐观主义,是近代个人主义的自由主义法律制度正当性的真正基础。人在工业社会的异化摧毁了乐观理性主义。社会学的发展揭示:人与人被无可避免地连结,非物质因素、非理性因素经常分别是社会发展和人类行为中的决定性因素。嬗变中的现代民法上人像色彩包括:被连结在社会网络中受约束的人、混合了自利和激情的有限理性人、平等性丧失的“具体”人、去神圣化的人、相互协作、相互关心的人。     

中国公民精神在新时代的实践理性升华——《新时代公民道德建设实施纲要》的理论境域

新时代公民道德建设是我国公民精神在中国特色社会主义崭新历史方位的实践理性升华。新时代意味着新阶段、新要求、新使命,呼唤足以担当民族复兴大任的新公民,推动公民道德建设的与时俱进。新时代公民道德建设内在涵摄了扬弃“物役性”、推进公民主体性独立人格成长与社会共同体属性之有机统一的价值主线,体现了鲜明的时代特色和丰富的时代内涵。由主体性实践理性的自身特质所决定,新时代公民道德建设表现为知行合一、伦理与治理相统一的过程。