语言能力与大学英语教学

语言能力的培养是语言教学的最终目的。“语言能力”这一概念在涵义上的演变为现代语言教学模式的产生奠定了基础。在我国的大学英语教学中,如何实现语言教学目的依赖于大纲、教学人员、教材、教学方法、教学环境等一系列因素,以现代语言教学理论为指导的教学设计对实现新形势下的语言教学目标起着举足轻重的作用。     

Industrial Relations and the Limits of the State: Can a Left Labour Government Resurrect Comprehensive Sectoral Collective Bargaining and Restore Trade Union Power?

Since 2017 the British Labour Party has proposed mandatory sectoral collective bargaining (SCB) as a comprehensive strategy to rebuild the trade union voice across the entire economy. The intellectual roots lie in the Institute of Employment Rights’ (IER) Manifesto for Labour Law (2016). First, this article explains the core IER approach, questioning its feasibility given current low levels of union membership and bargaining coverage and whether it would produce the stable and productive economy promised. Second, the article develops four social science objections to this state-driven approach centred on industrial relations history; political sociology; economics; and political philosophy. The conclusion argues that while stronger voluntary trade unions could help, it is neither practicable nor desirable for the state to impose a trade union, single-channel approach to employee voice. Instead, a ‘mixed economy of voice’ is proposed, perhaps including statutory works councils, which speaks directly to all employees—union and non-union—and wins broader political, employer and public support.     

On Who matters: extending the scope of luck egalitarianism to groups

Abstract

What is the scope of principles of egalitarian justice? This is the question that Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen addresses in Chapter 6 of his Luck Egalitarianism, where he comprehensively considers the different dimensions along which the issue of the scope can be articulated (e.g. with respect to time, to the boundaries of states, etc.). For all the dimensions taken into account he defends a broad understanding of the scope of equality, except for one. He thinks that the principle of luck egalitarianism can only apply to individuals and not to groups. In this paper, we show that Lippert-Rasmussen’s reasons for caring only about inequality between individuals are unsatisfactory, and we provide an argument that justifies extending the application of the luck egalitarian principle also to groups.     

Creative appropriation: academic knowledge and interventions against sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo

ABSTRACT

Recent academic research has questioned assumptions about sexual violence in (post-) conflict contexts. Gender norms rather than military decision-making have been found to constitute a major underlying reason for wartime sexual violence. In this contribution, we investigate whether international organisations seeking to prevent sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo have accordingly changed their analytical perspectives and modified policies and programming. We find that many, but not all, such organisations creatively appropriate new academic work in their policy and project documents. However, incentives for continuity in the humanitarian field have slackened the pace of any substantive practical changes.     

元认知的结构、功能与开发

元认知是关于认知的认知,是个体对自己的认知加工过程的自我觉察、自我反省、自我评价与自我调节,它包括元认知知识、元认知体验和元认知监控三个成分,它们相互联系、密不可分.元认知具有自我意识性、调节性、能动性、反馈性、有效性、迁移性等特点,其实质是主体对认知活动的自我意识和自我调节.元认知的发展水平直接制约着个体智力的发展,影响着个体的认知效率,因此教学中对学生进行元认知开发、提高学生的元认知发展水平从而教会学生学习、促进学生智力发展显得尤为重要.     

促进我国知识生产的途径简析

在知识经济时代，知识成为第一生产要素。知识在拥有、使用等阶段的特点决定了其生产的特殊性。目前，促进我国知识生产的主要途径包括：政府的直接投资；教育规模的扩大；对技术产品的公共采购政策；风险投资等。     

签订区域性、行业性集体合同的必要性和可行性

截至2004年底,朝阳区共有非公企业16913家.非公企业平均人数15至20人,平均寿命三年,呈现出数量大、规模小、流失率高的特点.与此同时,工会干部兼职多、不熟悉工会业务、流动性大,且缺乏经济上的独立性,不具备单独进行有效的集体协商、签订对老板有约束力的集体合同的实力.因此,签订区域性、行业性集体合同不仅必要,而且可行,是推行集体合同制度的趋向.     

主物意识的起源与它的存在发展形态——再论物质与意识

以生存为本的主物,其原始智意作用于客物产生最初的极为朴素的原始属物;此属物反映在后世的主物从而形成一次智意,一次智意形成后,主物智意由于主物自身的本质属性与意识的社会化开始带有明显的有意识的目的性。这种目的性是主物的自然生存本能体现为最初的原始智意后产生并不断上升发展。     

知识经济与人的素质的现代化

知识经济是“以知识为基础的经济” ,知识经济的崛起 ,对人的素质提出新的、更高的要求 ,谁拥有掌握先进思想和技术的人才及高素质的职工队伍 ,谁就能在 2 1世纪的国际竞争中处于战略主动地位。本文从知识经济及其基本特征、知识经济呼唤人的素质的现代化、努力提高国民素质实现人的素质的现代化三个方面论述了在知识经济条件下实现人的素质的现代化的必要性及其基本途径。     

战后初年苏联农民的反集体农庄情绪及其产生原因

集体农庄是十月革命后苏维埃政权建立起来的新的土地占有和使用形式。但是随着苏联在反法西斯战争中的胜利和国内环境的变化,苏联农民表现出了强烈的反集体农庄情绪。战后初年在苏联农民中出现反集体农庄情绪主要有以下几个原因:首先是农民目睹了更好的农业组织形式,进一步认识到了集体农庄制的弊端;其次是战后初年农民负担的进一步加重;第三就是党内严重的腐败现象。