中国商业银行利润效率实证分析:1996-2007

通过利用随机前沿模型对1996—2007年我国商业银行利润效率指数进行测量,并分析了商业银行外部竞争和所有权结构的影响,结果表明:我国商业银行利润效率整体呈上升趋势,但除少数银行外,整体仍偏低;股份制商业银行在效率指数上优于国有银行,而由于国有银行的股份制改革,在2003—2005年间两者差距缩小,但近年又有扩大的趋势;伴随国有银行改革与非国有银行发展带来的银行业竞争,对效率有显著的促进作用。     

法律与道德的共生与互动——诉讼信用及其生成机制

广东省郁南县法院构建诉讼信用体系、尝试通过法律与道德的融合来规范诉讼秩序,净化社会环境。法律与道德都属于社会的上层建筑,对社会秩序起到规范和约束的作用,两者缺一不可。基于它们各自的特点,在对社会关系进行调整时所发挥的作用也有所侧重。法律与道德的共生与互动过程对诉讼秩序产生影响,也因此催生了诉讼信用。诉讼信用的生成机制对法律规范的完善、诚信司法的形成、信用文化的生成和社会信用体系的建立有着重要的推动作用。     

美俄商用密码法律监管制度比较

商用密码是电子商务的关键技术,也是保护敏感信息的重要手段。目前,世界各国都在积极调整其商用密码政策和法律规范,力争在信息社会取得优势地位。我们在借鉴国际社会的密码法制经验时,也需要探索密码监管法律背后的国家政治、经济、军事、文化和技术基础。美国和俄罗斯在密码技术方面的领先优势以及对国家利益的考量是其商用密码监管法律制度的重要基础,而维护国家安全、商业利益和用户权利之间的动态平衡则是设计商用密码监管法律制度的核心。     

国外农业信贷制度的考察与借鉴

统筹城乡发展和建设社会主义新农村背景之下,建立完善的农业信贷制度,对于解决我国农村地区银行放款难、农民贷款难以及促进农村经济发展显得尤为重要.通过国外农业信贷制度的考察,我国可以借鉴其先进经验,以探寻更适合自身的发展模式.     

论我国小额诉讼程序的构建

构建小额诉讼程序有利用于合理分流民事案件、减轻法院负担、实现司法的大众化.借鉴国外经验并基于我国实际,可将小额诉讼程序适用事件的数额界定在5000元左右,且仅适用于小额钱债纠纷.为防止诉权的滥用,可规定同一原告在同一小额法庭每年依据小额诉讼程序请求审理、裁判的次数不得超过10次.小额诉讼程序可遵循以下规则:以当事人亲自出庭和一次开庭审理为原则,省略证据调查程序,简化裁判文书的制作,实行一审终审等.     

信息赋能、信息防险与信息调控——信息视野下的金融法变革路径

信息不对称的分析范式长期以来是金融制度分析的立论基础,而信息运动的三重特征——信息生成的无秩序性、信息分布的非均质性以及信息传递的可迁移性决定了金融法中的信息规则有着更为丰富的体系建构。金融具有天然的信息属性,信息流动亦无形中助推着风险扩散,信息与金融的内嵌和耦合要求金融法制在信息运动逻辑的基础上迈向新的变革路径,即通过信息赋能进行主体的培育,以防控风险为目的优化监管秩序,以及利用信息工具完善金融调控。     

Assessing the Changing Roles of the Brazilian Development Bank

Since it was founded in 1952, the Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES; Brazilian National Bank for Economic and Social Development) has been at the centre of Brazil's industrialisation and development strategy. It played a key role in the evolution of policies from import substitution to market‐opening and privatisation, to the ‘new developmentalism’. The article evaluates and discusses whether BNDES fulfils the three typical functions expected of national development banks: financial sector development; business climate enhancement; and knowledge services.     

论特质文化与古镇文化旅游产品品牌建设

该文分析了商品的＂客观品质＂与消费者的＂主观品质＂之间的关系,认为对商品品质的认同最终会转化为对商业标记即品牌标识的认同,形成品牌效应,而商品品牌建设的基本进路是传播商品特色。因此,该文认为,古镇作为文化遗产也应当传播古镇文化旅游产品的特色文化,并提出古镇文化旅游产品以特质文化打造品牌的对策。     

Continuity and Pragmatism: How Chinese State-Owned Banks Adapted to Hong Kong’s Free Market (1949–1978)

One of the puzzling features of China’s post-1978 economic reforms is how quickly its enterprises adapted to the new business environment. An insight into this puzzle is provided by Chinese state-owned banks in Hong Kong. From 1949–78 these banks, led by the Bank of China, represented China’s primary financial interface with the outside world. What distinguished the management of these banks from their peers was their loyalty to communist values. Yet, despite Mao Zedong’s anti-imperialist anti-capitalist ideology, the Bank of China demonstrated extraordinary business pragmatism in its engagement with the international financial system. It also exemplified a high level of management continuity which enabled it to see beyond a volatile and often hostile political environment. The article shows that the post-1978 retreat from ideology and its replacement with commercial incentives proved costly in terms of professional standards. A homogenisation of bank management also made it more difficult to recruit senior management whose loyalty to the Communist Party could be assumed. These findings highlight the importance of rule variation in explaining international differences in management behaviour. More generally the article shows the long-term importance of Hong Kong’s role as an internationalising force for China’s business and financial sectors.     

Central Bank Independence in the World: A New Data Set

This article introduces the most comprehensive dataset on de jure central bank independence (CBI), including yearly data from 182 countries between 1970 and 2012. The dataset identifies statutory reforms affecting CBI, their direction, and the attributes necessary to build the Cukierman, Webb and Neyapty index. Previous datasets focused on developed countries, and included non-representative samples of developing countries. This dataset’s substantially broader coverage has important implications. First, it challenges the conventional wisdom about central bank reforms in the world, revealing CBI increases and restrictions in decades and regions previously considered barely affected by reforms. Second, the inclusion of almost 100 countries usually overlooked in previous studies suggests that the sample selection may have substantially affected results. Simple analyses show that the associations between CBI and inflation, unemployment or growth are very sensitive to sample selection. Finally, the dataset identifies numerous CBI decreases (restrictions), whereas previous datasets mostly look at CBI increases. These data’s coverage not only allows researchers to test competing explanations of the determinants and effects of CBI in a global sample, but it also provides a useful instrument for cross-national studies in diverse fields, such as liberalization, diffusion, political institutions, democratization, or responses to financial crises.