盐业合伙契约的历史意义和现代价值——兼论新《合伙企业法》的不足与完善

合伙兼具设立简便、出资灵活、管理便利等诸多优点,是一种古老而又有生命力的人类生产活动的组织方式,各种合伙制度又因历史传统、经济基础等不同而在形式和内容方面呈现出差异性.盐业合伙契约作为我国近现代一种独具民族传统特色的资本组织形式,具有十分丰富的内容和非常鲜明的特点,分析盐业合伙契约并阐释其历史意义和现代价值,对于探讨我国新《合伙企业法》存在的不足,提出完善的思考和建议有着一定的启发作用.     

希伯来法中商业交易规范考辨

希伯来法是西方法律文明和英美法的源头之一,具有很高的研究价值.希伯来的商业交易规范是以《圣经》为法律渊源,源自习惯法则和宗教信仰,由此倡导契约守信观念和诚实无欺的贸易规则.从摩西时期的《圣经·旧约》到犹太教法典编纂时期的《塔木德》,商业交易规范形成与发展折射出希伯来商法的演变历程,也从一个侧面反映了西方商法成长的最初概貌,因此对其做一细致的考证,在外国法律史研究上颇有补正的功效.     

关于商法学中商主体概念的探讨

商主体,作为概念,是我国商法学理论中最重要的基础概念之一;作为经济实体,是我国经济活动中主要的参与者和被管理对象.但是,在目前的商法学的权威教材中,不仅对商主体概念内涵的揭示是含混、相互矛盾的,甚至是自相矛盾的,而且对商主体与相关概念的区别也缺乏认真研究,从而导致理论学习和阐述上的混乱.虽然,统一的定义,在科学研究中几乎是不可能的,甚至对科学研究没有益处,但应该承认这种认识上的混乱在相当程度上影响了商法学理论的发展和商法学理论对我国商事立法和经济管理活动的贡献程度.通过介绍、分析,比较我国商法学理论界对商主体、商人、企业和民事主体的概念的不同观点,并结合世界主要商法典的相关规定以及相关经济学理论,阐述了对商法学中商主体与相关主体之间的区分的认识,并最终归纳出商主体的概念.     

中世纪商人法继受罗马法探因

中世纪商人法的出现是中世纪城市经济发展的产物,而罗马商法则是古罗马高度繁荣的奴隶制经济发展的必然结果.由于商品经济发展的相似性、地理位置的接近、帝国永续理论的巨大威力以及罗马法学的繁荣等原因,中世纪的商人法明显地体现出对罗马商法的继受.分析中世纪商人法对古罗马商法继受的原因,从中可以看到法律发展过程中的相承关系.     

德国股东派生诉讼制度评析

德国《股份法》在借鉴了他国规定,对股东资格进行必要限制的同时,以诉前审查程序———诉讼许可申请作为股东派生诉讼的前置程序,通过法院的依法审查来保证诉讼的正当性;股东论坛的设置,开通了股东之间交流联系的快捷网络通道,以方便其达到法律规定的权利行使条件;特别的诉讼费用承担设计,在减轻股东诉讼风险的同时,为强制公司自主行使权利施加了潜在压力。     

董事勤勉义务判断标准比较研究

董事勤免义务判断标准的界定,关涉公司股东与董事之间利益冲突的平衡,如何激发董事的最大热情为公司利益服务,又避免其懒惰、疏忽而损害股东权益,法定一般客观标准与公司章程的补充细化相结合,同时加以商业判断规则之辅助,则为最佳的选择方案。     

充分发挥检察职能依法治理商业贿赂

商业贿赂犯罪可以界定为发生在商业活动领域的贿赂犯罪.商业贿赂犯罪有重点的发案领域,并且同国家公务员利用行政审批权、执法权和司法权索取、收受贿赂紧密相关.检察机关在治理商业贿赂专项工作中主要承担查办商业贿赂案件、审查批捕和审查起诉、加强诉讼监督以及结合查办商业贿赂案件,协助有关行业或者系统、领域建立防治商业贿赂长效机制.完善立法以及法律政策界限的厘清,将是深入开展治理商业贿赂专项工作的有效途径和保障.     

论对商品房预售合同购买人权利的保护及其完善

商品房预售合同购买人直接基于合同享有的权利为债权。预售合同登记与否不影响购买人享有债权,但对购买人权利效力的强弱有影响。现行司法解释在一定情况下赋予购买人权利以物权效力保护,但在权利定位、对抵押秩序的影响和与物权法定关系等方面存在明显不足。大陆法系民法承认物权与债权区分的局限性,以预告登记制度保护不动产物权受让人。我国应借鉴预告登记制度,更新认识并改造预售合同登记制度,完善购买人权利保护。     

Origins and evolution of Maoism in Argentina, 1968–1971

An apparently strange phenomenon in the history of ideas, Maoism was the only new ideological current to emerge in the western Hemisphere after the Second World War. With constant references to popular China, but situated in a local context, Maoism developed as a unique ideology with a particular physiognomy that was forged in the sphere of the political left. In Argentina, the principle organisations that represented it – the Communist Vanguard and the Revolutionary Communist Party – were deeply involved in the class struggles of the industrial proletariat of Córdoba. Following an explication of our understanding of the role of political ideas in labour struggles through the work of the Chilean historical sociologist Tomás Moulian, we describe two foundational phases for these parties: the organisational and ideological. We situate these in the broader context of both the historical development of the working class in Córdoba and the explosive moments of Cordobazo. From here, we assess the tensions and contradictions in these phases and discuss the impact on their efforts to become the ‘vanguard’ party of the working class, thereby showing the importance of tracing the origins and evolution of Maoism for understanding the radical labour history of Córdoba.     

Determinants of Firm‐Level Lobbying and Government Responsiveness in Agricultural Biotechnology in China

Understanding what stimulates agribusiness firms to lobby the government and what makes the government responsive to lobbying are the two issues that have been discussed extensively in the debates concerning determinants of biotechnology policy. This paper examines the factors influencing agribusiness firms' lobbying and government response using econometric modeling on a new data set of 160 leading agribusiness firms in the food, feed, chemical, and seed industries in China. The results show that approximately 10% of agribusiness firms lobbied the government about biotechnology policy and regulations and over half of those that lobbied received a verbal or written acknowledgment from government agencies. Seed and feed companies are more likely to engage in lobbying than chemical companies. Owning GM patents not only has a positive impact on firms' lobbying activities, but firms with these patents are more likely to receive a government response to their lobbying efforts. The experience of selling GM products does not significantly influence lobbying activities or response from the government.