The Difficulties of Common Security: On the Need for Value Consensus as a Basis for International Security

The essence of international security is common security, which relies heavily on basic consensus on security concepts and strategies among nations. However, since the beginning of the 20 th century, such a consensus or value basis has become very “thin” as a result of the following four factors: the inception of the global international system along with its cultural diversity; the great changes in political, economic and military arenas; the rise of nationalism and popular politics; and the emergence of superpowers and their antagonistic ideologies. Within strategic culture, there is juxtaposition between confrontational culture and cooperative culture. In security concepts, people have different preferences for national, international or global security. In terms of security strategies, there exist several competing models such as hegemonic stability, balance of power and institutional cooperation. The primary aims of international security remain: avoiding major wars, maintaining the stability of the international system and safeguarding the integrity of the nations. There are two new challenges: promoting global economic justice to avoid any domestic or international conflicts caused by an imbalanced international economic order; and meeting the challenges of various non-conventional security issues affecting human life on a global scale. In an era of security interdependence, the international community must make joint efforts to rebuild the consensus on security in light of the fundamental values of common security and cooperative security, and to practice a truly “international” security strategy so as to break away from the security dilemmas inflicted by each nation’s reliance on its own self-help and competing “national” security strategy.     

乡村振兴与共同富裕：问题与实践路径

扎实推动共同富裕不是要消除乡村,而是要振兴乡村。乡村振兴既是扎实推动共同富裕的关键一环,又是促进共同富裕实现的必由之路。基于此,扎实推动农村农民共同富裕,要聚焦乡村振兴,重点关注、回应和解答新时代“三农”问题。农村关涉共同富裕的基本面,要努力推进农村综合性改革,解决乡村治理、基础设施建设和人才供给等难题,优化农村创富环境,缩小城乡发展差距;农业是共同富裕的重要支柱,要大力推动农业现代化发展,解决现代农业“三大体系”的发展难题,提高农业经济效益;农民是促进共同富裕的主要群体,要发展壮大新型农村集体经济,解决运行管理、集体产权和发展动力等难题,促进农民增产增收。解决“三农”发展难题,补齐“三农”发展短板,全面推进乡村振兴,才能推动共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展。     

比较法上逮捕规则的共性分析

逮捕在刑事诉讼中占有重要的地位。各个国家逮捕制度有共性,也有差异。考察逮捕规则的目的,重在寻求共性。逮捕概念的共性在于对自由的剥夺;逮捕特征的共性主要存在于逮捕主体的法定性、对象的特定性、手段的强制性和羁押的临时性等方面;逮捕目的的共性主要是保证刑事诉讼顺利进行,进一步可分为保障证据和保全被告;逮捕种类的共性是有证逮捕和无证逮捕的区分。     

共同抵押的设定

共同抵押是一种特殊的抵押制度,它对于融通资金、促进物尽其用、保障债权的实现发挥着极其重要的作用。本文以对共同抵押规则设计的研究为中心,在理论上对共同抵押制度作了分析,并从共同抵押合同、共同抵押的设定类型和共同抵押的公示三个方面对其进行了阐述。     

论股东有限责任的缺陷及救济

股东有限责任原则被认为是公司制度的基石,曾在并正在经济发展中起着巨大的推动作用,但由于该制度的价值取向是鼓励投资,在债权人利益保护方面也就在所难免地存在着缺陷。因此,我国公司法应有针对性地确立“股东有限责任的个案否认”制度,以真正达到保护债权人、建立良好的市场环境、促进商业信用建立之目的。     

再论公务员不服从违法命令的几个问题

在总体上肯定公务员有权不服从上级违法命令的基础上 ,仍然有些问题需要探讨。比如 ,公务员服从上级命令的具体条件是什么 ,公务员不服从违法命令的理论基础是什么 ,以及公务员如何对待违法的抽象命令等问题 ,都需要进一步予以研究。     

片面共犯成立之根据探析

关于具有片面合意的犯罪人能否成立共同犯罪的问题,中外刑法理论界历来存在肯定说与否定说之争。在对上述理论论争作出简要介绍的基础上,重点从其理论基础、修正的构成要件、便利司法操作三个层面上剖析片面共犯成立的根据。     

从统一进步联盟（UPA）的最低共同纲领看印度新政府对弱势群体的关注

本文从统一进步联盟的最低纲领入手 ,分析了印度新政府吸取前任政府教训 ,关注弱势群体的政策及其初步表现 ,并指出 ,新政府虽然关注弱势群体 ,并做出相当努力 ,但鉴于印度弱势群体的庞大规模及种种条件的限制。要在短期内改善弱势群体的处境 ,恐非易事。     

The Case of the Hypocritical

This paper analyzes the idea of critique as an idea, in relation to the problematic fiction of legal foundations. In doing so, it refers to the work of Giorgio Agamben and Jean-Luc Nancy. In particular, Jean-Luc Nancy’s concept of the lapsus of right (jus) is explored in relation to the fiction of a Law of law and the notion of the Right to have rights. The paper argues for the conception of an immanent critique of law that seeks to have done with foundational judgments as primary to critique. To have done with judgment as primary is crucial as judgment is the way in which philosophies of law have attempted to establish their own justification while claiming that such a ground or justification comes from an external source. Instead, what is to be reconceived and in a preliminary way is that critique and its concepts are intimate to their problems and vice versa. I wish to thank each of the participants to this issue for their effort and their kind collaboration and V. Kelley for her invaluable assistance in the final editing process. I thank C. Douzinas for introducing me to the work of Jean-Luc Nancy and P. Fitzpatrick and S. Motha for sharing their paths of reading. Especial thanks to A.␣Schütz, E. Loizidou, N. Moore, J.á. Bellido Anon and A. Bottomley for discussions on disagreement. Gratitude is owed to J.-L. Nancy for inspiring thoughts and writings and for the sweetness in response to my suggestion that there are no antidotes to the poisons we write. This is for the wonderful Elene.     

对山西实现共同富裕道路的探索

山西是个落后省份,实现共同富裕须从以下三方面着手推进行业结构调整,为山西实现共同富裕提供坚实的物质基础;就业为民生之本,积极探索就业与再就业的途径与方法;继续搞好扶贫开发工作,彻底消除山西的贫困地区和国家级贫困县.