证人资格若干问题辨析

我国证人作证制度存在立法缺陷,主要是证人资格规定模糊,这也是证人出庭难的重要原因之一。当今国际范围内存在两种基本的立法模式：宽泛型和严格型模式。本文从证人资格概念入手,对学界通说有关证人资格要件及其范围等问题提出质疑,并提出一些立法建议。     

Framing and reframing R2P—a responsibility to protect humanity from evil

ABSTRACT

This article takes issue with de-politicised and moralistic conceptions of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and, inspired by the political theory of Hannah Arendt, develops a ‘re-politicised’ and ‘de-moralised’ account of R2P. It argues that by relying on a link between a moral responsibility to ‘save strangers’ and practical political action, R2P turns a blind eye to the political interest of powerful actors. And by trying to transform R2P into a ‘blueprint’, ‘roadmap’ or ‘emergency plan’ for political action, many commentators try to render obsolete political deliberation and practical judgement on a case-by-case basis. The present article argues that it is necessary to develop a more realistic view of R2P’s role and potential in world politics. R2P, it is argued, has an important discursive function and considerable potential to influence and guide international decision-making processes. Drawing on Arendt’s conception of ‘evil’ as a crime against humanity itself, this article reframes R2P as a ‘responsibility to protect humanity from evil’. An Arendtian understanding of mass atrocities as crimes against our common humanity (i.e. as evils) facilitates the development of a re-politicised and de-moralised account of R2P: This account recognises its discursive role, it actively seeks to generate political interest for action in the face of harrowing mass atrocities but also acts as a leash on intervention in less severe cases.

Abbreviation R2P: Responsibility to Protect; UN: United Nations; NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organisation; ICISS: International Committee on Intervention and State Sovereignty     

论全面推进共同富裕

共同富裕是人类的美好理想，是社会主义的核心价值。当前我国贫富差距增大，已严重影响到国家的长治久安和社会和谐稳定，到了需要遏制的转折点。应将共同富裕目标确定为当前国家战略选择；深化体制改革，保障机会公平；完善三次收入分配政策，促进结果的基本公平；强化宣传引导，推动贫富之间的互动与和谐。     

涉网络案件民事诉讼地域管辖问题的一般性研究——以法律事实发生地的空间定位为基础

在民事诉讼管辖制度中,只有特殊地域管辖才受到案件涉网络性质的影响。造成影响的直接缘由是迥异于现实空间定位规则的以TCP/IP协议簇为核心的网络空间定位规则,法律事实发生地与法院辖区间的原本关联被切断。这种影响的直接表现是在涉网络案件中是否需要剔除或增设管辖连接点,以及如何结合网络空间定位规则,重新建立法律事实发生地与法院辖区间的直接关联。网络空间具有＂技术——社会＂的双重结构特性,涉网络案件管辖问题的解决,应在网络空间的社会性的基础上,参酌技术性,主要以法律解释的方法对传统规范进行改良。在涉网络合同案件中,经由规范解释便可解决问题,而在涉网络侵权案件中,还需要对规范加以修正,建立＂实际发生损害＂标准。     

Declining might in the limelight: European responses to new regional powers

The article analyses the responses of three established European powers, France, Britain and Germany, to a world of rising regional hegemons. It argues that Europe as a region remains unique as it consists of three regional powers of similar material and ideational power resources and is the most institutionalised region worldwide. The current transformation of world power configurations, debated in competing visions of global order, challenges Europe's central place. Facing gradual marginalisation, the foreign policy adaptations of Germany, Britain and France have been insufficient and remarkably static. Old foreign policy identities still play a significant part in European self-perceptions. However, views are gradually changing as the world becomes more heterogeneous. Among the emerging regional powers, China, India and Russia are perceived as decisive global players. Other rising powers are viewed as mainly regional and, hence, more manageable actors. Finally, the article calls for a general shift in European attitudes towards the non-European world and argues that European powers should overcome traditional Euro-centric world views. Rather, they should start to engage with rising powers in a serious discourse over common global responsibilities.     

Is Flexible Integration Harming the Prospect of a Common Acquis?

In the post-Lisbon era and especially since the outburst of the financial and European sovereign debt crisis, the EU has been changing significantly, to the extent that the meaning and the process of integration are being affected. While constitutional asymmetry is a longstanding feature of the EU polity, the real challenge today is the expanding scope and fragmented character of newly established forms of flexibility, and how they are being used politically. The flexible configuration of integration reinforces a trend toward fragmented integration. Flexibility within the EU could become an end in itself, a device to serve a wide range of strategic visions and preferences in sectoral politics.     

论消费者的责任

近年来,西方一些国家的消费者政策发生了转换,消费者的知情权、消费者教育以及消费者的义务得以强化。国际社会还兴起了"消费者社会责任行动"。消费者责任实际上指的是消费者的义务,它分为消费者对自己的责任、对经营者的责任和对社会的责任三个方面。消费者保护法中应规定消费者的责任,但应仅限于消费者对自己和社会的责任,而不是对经营者的责任。作为消费者中的一个类别,金融消费者也应负相应的责任。     

后“三农”阶段的新问题

改革开放以来,“三农”问题的性质、内容、形式和特征等都已经发生了很大的、甚至是根本性的变化,由此也产生了后“三农”阶段的一些新问题。首先,政治身份与所有制关系变化的可能前景,是创制农村土地的公共所有制;其次,由于农村基层民主本身必然产生相应的权力,需要创制与城市不同的农村政治体制和民主政治;第三,“三农”平等与否的比较参照是城市,这已经成为事关城乡全局的主要社会矛盾,并在城镇化建设中得到综合而突出的体现;第四,农村发展需要建设新型的现代农业形态,但却存在许多复杂的麻烦和困难;第五,农村的代际转型将持续保有数量巨大且流动不居的后备就业群体。     

伊壁鸠鲁学派的快乐主义、边沁功利主义与英国法人性假设的形成

差不同同时在雅典形成的伊壁鸠鲁学派和斯多亚学派后来成为了未来的英关法系和大陆法系的精神教父。伊壁鸠鲁学派主张快乐主义并以财富作为达成快乐的手段,斯多亚学派张扬道德理想主义并排斥财富作为道德完善的手段。边沁继受伊壁鸠鲁哲学将之改造为功利主义,这种主义成为英美法的哲学基础,它以区分法律和道德为特征。罗马法继受了斯多亚哲学作为自己的灵魂,从罗马法派生的大陆法系由此具有斯多亚主义的因子,它体现为道德一定程度的法律化。     

精神权利的困境——两大法系版权立法比较分析

经济进步与科技发展,为作者精神权利带来了严峻挑战。精神权利何去何从,已成为理论界热点问题。两大法系有关精神权利的立法进程及模式,可以带给我们启迪。应当摒弃英美法系版权法之"弱保护"模式,重视精神权利在财产方面的激励作用;还应当纠正大陆法系将精神权利作为纯粹人格权之立法模式,挖掘精神权利的财产属性。在融合中发展,在发展中完善,唯有如此,精神权利才能最终摆脱困境。