论公安刑事侦查行为与公安具体行政行为的界定

从“没收空调案”谈起,提出正确界定公安刑事侦查行为与公安具体行政行为的问题,其关系到行政诉讼法受案范围。从理论上来讲,两者既有联系,又有区别,但在实践中两者又容易混淆。因此在具体的操作过程中,有必要利用各种方法正确把握两者的界定问题。     

The Subject Status of Procuratorate in Marine Litigation on "Public Interests Protection"

The litigations of marine natural resources ormarine ecological (environmental) damages involve two different types of litigations, and the procuratorate should be involved in the litigationsas different litigation subjects. The compensatory litigation of marine natural resource damageis the private interest litigation which relieves the private interest damage of state owned natural resources. According to The Administrative Litigation Law and The Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate's Interpretation of Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in Procuratorial Public Interest Litigation Cases, the procuratorate should be the supervising subject. However, the compensatory litigation of marine ecological (environmental) damage is the public interest litigation which relieves public interests, and on the basis of Marine Environment Protection Law, The Civil Procedure Law and The Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate's Interpretation of Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in Procuratorial Public Interest Litigation Cases, the procuratorate should be the supplementary subject. Due to the particularity of the marine litigations, the procuratoratefiles lawsuits against the marine natural resources ormarine ecological (environmental) damages, which shall apply both to The Provisions of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Concerning Compensation for Damages of Marine Natural Resources and Ecological Environment and The Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate's Interpretation of Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in Procuratorial Public Interest Litigation Cases.     

清朝刑罚制度的发展及特点

清朝作为中国封建末代王朝,其刑罚制度随着满族的历史演进而经历了三个不同的发展阶段,与其不同的发展阶段相适应的是刑罚制度的发展也呈现出各种不同的特点,这些阶段和特点是清朝特色刑罚文化的具体反映,也是清朝法制文化最重要的方面。     

PENALITY AND THE PENAL STATE

The sociology of punishment has developed a rich understanding of the social and historical forces that have transformed American penality during the last 40 years. But whereas these social forces are not unique to the United States, their penal impact there has been disproportionately large, relative to comparable nations. To address this issue, I suggest that future research should attend more closely to the structure and operation of the penal state. I begin by distinguishing penality (the penal field) from the penal state (the governing institutions that direct and control the penal field). I then present a preliminary conceptualization of “the penal state” and discuss the relationship between the penal state and the American state more generally.     

对一惩治贪污罪案例的解读与思考

贪污罪在西方和发达国家的刑法中不是必设罪名,有的国家把它写在财产罪里,作为侵占罪或者盗窃罪加以规定,有的国家把它作为侵占、贿赂等犯罪的概括性罪名。由于美国的法律渊源复杂,尤其判例法制度决定了法官拥有较大的审判自由裁量权,加之美国其他刑罚和刑事诉讼制度的特点,使该案法官得以作出非常规判决。该判决凸显代表当代刑罚改革潮流的诸多刑罚观念和司法理念,对完善我国惩治贪污罪的刑罚制度具有一定的启示与借鉴意义。     

The Re-integration Process from the Perspective of Prisoners: Opinions, Percieved Value and Participation

In this article the presence of the rehabilitation goal in the policy of the prison system in the Netherlands will be discussed first. Particular attention will be paid to the question as to why the rehabilitation goal, in spite of the doubtfull status of its impact, still plays a role in the increasing instrumentalist policy of the Dutch criminal justice system. In addition, some limitations of a one-sided 'nothing works' approach of rehabilitation will be discussed. Next, empirical research is examined for what it teaches about the functioning of correctional programmes within the prison system. Special attention will be paid to the attitudes of inmates toward rehabilitation. It will be shown that in spite of a considerable body of research on institutional adaptation, little is known about the dynamics between inmates' attitudes and personal, situational and organisational background variables. In addition, the results of a survey, conducted on the nature and sources of inmates' attitudes towards rehabilitation, will be presented. Finally, this article will offer reflections on the benefits of a process-evaluative approach of correctional interventions.     

关于加强基层刑侦专业队伍建设的思考

加强基层刑侦专业队伍建设,是主动适应犯罪规律和特点的需要,是提高破案能力,实现刑侦工作全面提速的需要。其措施是:一要加强基层刑侦专业队伍思想政治建设;二要加强基层刑侦专业队伍的业务素质建设;三要加强基层刑侦专业队伍的专业化建设;四要加强基层刑侦专业队伍制度建设;五要建立完整的侦查工作责任体系。     

关于违约金数额调整规则的探讨——以《合同法》第一百一十四条为中心

根据《合同法》第一百一十四条规定,可以通过裁判方式调整违约金数额。这种规定的逻辑前提有混淆概念之嫌,导致的结果是思维混沌。明确界定违约金的性质是建立违约金调整规则的基础,违约金分为补偿性违约金和惩罚性违约金。《合同法》第一百一十四条所规定的违约金性质不仅具有补偿性,也具有惩罚性。当补偿性违约金不足以弥补损失时,还应支付赔偿金,故无增加违约金数额的必要;当惩罚性违约金高于实际损失时,一般没有调低的必要。应首先适用意思自治规则,其次才能适用对权利进行适当限制的例外规定。     

14岁青少年手腕骨发育的研究Ⅱ.女生骨龄标准的制定

目的研究我国当前青少年手腕骨发育状况,探讨制定专用于法医学推断女性刑事责任年龄14岁的骨龄标准。方法以湖南冷水江地区青少年为对象,按照纳入标准,选取14岁±3个月的健康女性中学生110名,拍摄其左手腕部后前位X线片。选择手腕骨15个部位,按照统一标准进行观察、测量,采用最大百分比法确定发育等级标准,建立骨龄评估方法,以单盲法进行验证。结果桡骨,中排第三、第四指骨干骺端发育等级为部分闭合（〉2/3为主）,其余掌指骨干骺端发育等级则以完全闭合残留骺线痕迹为主;对于中排第三、四指骨,不足14岁和已满14岁发育等级尚存差异,不足14岁组骨骺发育以部分闭合（〉2/3为主）为主,已满14岁组则以残存骺线痕迹为主。各个观察部位骨骺横径宽于干骺横径。30例的验证结果准确率为83.3%。结论根据发育等级特征及测量学方法建立骨龄标准准确性较好。     

对行刑时效制度法典化的思考

我国尚未将行刑时效制度纳入刑法中。司法实践中,该制度的缺位导致的“漏刑”、“补刑”案件已非鲜见,其理论上的不合理性也不断被揭露出来。在此种情形下,急需实现行刑时效制度的法典化。