论侵权预防责任对传统侵权法的挑战

便权预防责任是《便权责任法》创立的一种新型侵权贲任.比较法经验表明,该责任的出现是当代便权法之最新发展趋势.该责任对传统侵权贲任带来了巨大挑战,具体表现为:归责与归贲依据须重新界定,责任正当性基础遏然有别,构成要件与法律效果完全被颠覆等.回顾型的传统便权责任框架体系巴无法容纳前瞻型的侵权预防责任,故须扩容和革新,从而形成一种更具包容力的、适合未来发展的崭新侵权责任体系.     

Deaths While under Probation Supervision: What Role for Human Rights Legislation?

Article 3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) states that ‘everyone has the right to life’. This right is contained in all human rights treaties that developed from the UDHR, including the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Yet, as we argue, the UK government is failing to protect this right when it comes to certain groups of people under probation supervision. To date, human rights legislation has failed adequately to protect these vulnerable individuals and to hold the state to account. This article explores the greater potential for using human rights legislation to ensure better accountability in this area.     

公民基本权利在刑事追诉中的可能状态

公民一旦受到国家刑事追诉,其基本权利即陷入了危险的境地,既有可能受到因正当程序造成的合理性伤害,更有可能遭受非正当程序带来的巨大侵害,再强大的犯罪势力在国家暴力机器面前也渺如蝼蚁,更何况国家追诉还存在因制度缺陷而殃及无辜的可能性。这就是刑事诉讼制度在打击犯罪的同时必须充分保障犯罪嫌疑人、被告人基本人权不受过分损害和非法侵害的根本理由。     

巨额财产来源不明罪的地位与作用的反思——一种刑事政策学意义上的观察

在我国反腐制度体系中,巨额财产来源不明罪是由刑法规定的、相对于其他反腐罪名处于附属、补漏性地位的一项制度安排。其具体政策作用在于防止放纵一定犯罪（主要是国家工作人员贪腐行为）,解决一些关联犯罪可能的证明难题,防止案件拖延。作用有限已难以满足目前反腐斗争需求,在实务中还产生不少负面影响。财产申报制度的创设能够使该罪获得相对独立地位,充分释放其反腐能力,并消除其负面影响。在我国财产申报制度注定出台的情况下,应考虑重构巨额财产来源不明罪或其替代性罪名（包括其地位和作用）。     

我国刑罚体系改革的现代化坐标：以检视主附加刑模式为支点

刑罚体系改革是刑罚制度改革的基点与核心。主附加刑模式存在诸多缺陷。应根据犯罪分层理论建立以自由刑和财产刑为主的轻重自然人刑罚体系。独立的法人犯罪刑罚体系可以参照自然人刑罚体系规定刑种及轻重。应发挥广义保安处分制度的整合性机能,与改革后的传统刑罚体系融合为二元刑罚制裁体系。     

惩罚性赔偿制度在我国产品责任中规定的不足与完善思考——以侵权责任法第47条之规定为考察对象

惩罚性赔偿是指赔偿数额超过实际损害数额的赔偿,其制度功能主要在于惩罚不法行为人,遏制类似行为再行发生,并就受害人之损失充分予以补偿。我国《侵权责任法》第47条关于惩罚性赔偿金的规定既有进步意义,也存在一定问题。合理适用惩罚性赔偿金,明确其适用条件,特别是对赔偿金数额标准的合理确定关系着惩罚性赔偿制度的功能与价值的充分实现。     

违约金基本问题研究

对违约金概念的法律界定问题 ,在我国的合同法中至今还是一个空白。我国合同法上的违约金 ,应是一种违约责任形式 ,具有补偿性质 ,在特殊情况下还兼有惩罚性质。弄清楚违约金的概念、性质及定位 ,可以进一步完善市场经济中违约金制度     

社会稳定与刑罚改革的人权刑法观思考

我国刑法中有关“非监禁刑”的规定需要修改和完善,这是刑罚改革的一项重要内容,它与保证社会稳定的关系密切,其本质涉及到对人权刑法观认识的深化。     

Breaking Bad News: Penal Populism,Tabloid Adversarialism and Brexit

This article analyses the role that British conservative tabloid newspapers play in promoting penal populism and delegitimising liberal prison reform initiatives. Principally, we consider how different sections of the British press reacted to the then Prime Minister David Cameron's prison reform speech of 8 February 2016. The analysis illustrates how different newspapers cohered around two diametrically opposing interpretations of the scandalous state of the prison system, reflecting distinctive penal philosophies and moral positions. In the context of penal populism and the populist furies unleashed by the Brexit campaign, the central research finding is that the comparatively passive and equivocal support offered by the broadsheets was no match for the vitriolic attack mounted by the conservative tabloids on the ‘soft justice’ parts of Cameron's prison reform agenda. We conclude by arguing that the stark lesson to be learned is that the scandal‐ridden prison is a particularly toxic issue marked by serial policy failure. Consequently, in a febrile, intermediatised penal populist context, why would any political leader take on the manifest risks associated with embarking on liberal prison reform?     

Women and Penal Reform: Two Steps Forwards,Three Steps Backwards?

Since publication of the Corston Report in 2007, initiatives with regard to women and criminal justice in England and Wales have been marked by positive steps on the one hand, but reversal and failure on the other. A central element to this narrative has been the enthusiastic development of community‐based services for women, only to be followed by the subsequent dissipation of government energy, a diminution of interest, and a decline in funding. In this article, some of the complexities of the reforms are considered, a detailed reading is provided of the various initiatives as an historical record, and the context(s) in which the steps forward and backward can be understood is reflected on. In light of the evidence, it is argued that if women's centres are to be successful in facilitating and supporting movements away from crime, then there is an urgent need for a consistent strategy derived from evidence‐based research and experience.