工资总额正常增长估计模型与天津职工工资增长实证分析

根据柯布一道格拉斯生产函数模型所设计出的天津市职工工资总额正常增长估计模型表明，经济发展进入快速发展时期，GDP的增长与职工工资总额的增长具有一定的正常比例关系。在经济发展模式由投入型向效率型方向转变过程中，劳动要素投入成本与产出效益，应体现边际收益与边际成本的平衡关系，其总体要素结构应体现人力资本优势。职工工资总额增长幅度过低，势必影响经济增长原动力，这在客观上会导致社会总体分配关系失衡。     

中韩土地征收补偿制度比较研究

补偿制度是土地征收制度的重要组成部分,中韩两国土地征收补偿制度在补偿原则、补偿范围、补偿标准、补偿方式和补偿争议救济等方面存在差异,我国应借鉴韩国的先进经验,完善土地征收补偿制度.     

论惩罚性赔偿金额的上下限

惩罚性赔偿作为英美法系一项重要的制度，经过长期的发展而日益完善，并影响到包括大陆法系在内的许多国家的司法实践。我国在相关的法律文件中也开始确立这一制度，并对市场经济的发展起到了积极的规范作用。但是任何制度都应与一国的国情相适应。建立合理的惩罚性赔偿金额的上下限额，是在我国建立这一制度需要研究的重要课题。合理的惩罚性赔偿限额可以指导法官的裁判、发挥制度的功能以及维护社会经济秩序的稳定。建立适合我国国情的惩罚性赔偿金额的限额，应结合我国的司法实践、社会经济文化并比较参考其它国家已有的经验。     

Prison sentences: last resort or the default sanction?

ABSTRACT

This paper discusses the sentencing purposes for penal penalties, judges’ perceptions of sentencing purposes and prison sentences, and the effects of penal sanctions. We examine judges’ positions towards different penalties, with a focus on imprisonment, since their views on the different penalties are related to their sentencing decision-making. Understanding these views is then critical for several practical and political purposes, including bridging the gap between academic discourse and legal practice. We accessed judges’ views on penal sanctions through a questionnaire and an interview. Our sample is compounded by the judges of the criminal courts from the three major cities in Portugal. Despite the most recent criminological empirical knowledge, judges valued imprisonment as the most adequate sentence, both for different crimes and for different judicial purposes. This result is not consistent with viewing imprisonment as a ‘last resort’ solution. Indeed, we did not find this ‘last resort’ position in our data, and it is not apparent in the judicial statistics on imprisonment rates. Our data highlight the importance of increasing judges’ training on criminological and sociological issues as well as the importance of changing the influence of their personal beliefs regarding penal sanctions into research-based positions.     

我国食品安全法中的惩罚性赔偿之解读

“退一赔十”是对我国食品安全法所规定的惩罚性赔偿责任的误读。我国食品安全法中的惩罚性赔偿适用的基础法律关系是产品责任，客观要件是食品生产经营者的行为符合产品责任的构成要件，主观要件是食品生产经营者者具有故意。在食品生产经营者均具有故意之时，应对惩罚性赔偿承担连带责任。在侵权责任法实施后，应适时对食品安全法第96条进行修改，将赔偿数额修改为按补偿性赔偿的倍数进行赔偿。     

当代英美刑法中的人格地位与人格评估

随着"报应模式"在当今英美刑法领域的衰微,犯罪人在英美刑法中的地位不断提高,刑法适用越来越重视人格.人格评估的方式在英美之间不尽相同,美国通过犯罪史进行评估,英国使用罪犯评估系统.     

CRACKS IN THE PENAL HARM MOVEMENT: EVIDENCE FROM THE FIELD*

Research Summary For more than three decades, the penal harm movement, which involves “get tough” ideology and policies, has held sway over U.S. corrections. Scholars have justifiably detailed and decried this movement, but in so doing, they have also inadvertently contributed to the view that a punitive worldview is hegemonic. In contrast, we detail four major “cracks” in the penal harm movement's dominance: the persistence of rehabilitative public attitudes, the emergence of second thoughts about the wisdom of harsh sanctions, the implementation of progressive programs, and the increasing legitimacy of the principles of effective intervention for guiding correctional practices. Policy Implications Taken together, these “cracks” comprise evidence that ideological space and political will exist to fight the penal harm movement and to map out a more efficacious and progressive response to crime. Because of the persistence of social welfare sentiments and growing challenges to the legitimacy of “get tough” policies, the potential to continue, if not expand, this countermovement is present. Taking advantage of this opportunity, however, will require forfeiting the belief that there is no escape from a punitive future and undertaking systematic efforts to devise correctional strategies that are based on solid science, improve offenders' lives, and protect public safety.     

香港与内地刑事情报系统的比较研究

起步于20世纪80年代的中国内地刑事情报工作,经过20多年的发展,目前仍然存在很多弊端。主要表现在观念滞后,情报工作后置,涵盖面窄,情报内容设计缺乏科学论证,以及工作机制不健全、管理不统一等诸多方面。它同香港的最大差别表现在:香港警方是情报主导侦查工作,案件未发,情报先行;而内地则是根据案件找线索,被动地收集情报信息。因而,以此为参照和突破口加强内地刑事情报系统改革势在必行。     

从技术到情感：刑民交叉案件管辖

司法与戏剧都是以台上表演、宣讲台词的形式来表达人性化的情感。司法入口的刑民二分法与司法过程的逻辑三段论一样都不能排除情感因素作用。刑民交叉案件很显然是在严格刑民二分观点透视下的模糊和边缘地带。遵循司法制度的合成理论和司法过程的辩证理论，反映世界潮流，体现司法民主，切合和谐主题，采“超越极端，回归情感”的思路，为积极回应和适时流转当事人诉求，把刑民交叉案件管辖的一些历史沉淀和实践探索的边缘性制度逐步固定下来，从而增加现行制度的弹性和适应力。从本质上说，以情取胜而不是以力服人也是司法和竞技的主要差别。     

HISTORICAL CONTINGENCIES AND THE EVOLVING IMPORTANCE OF RACE,VIOLENT CRIME,AND REGION IN EXPLAINING MASS INCARCERATION IN THE UNITED STATES

This article combines insights from historical research and quantitative analyses that have attempted to explain changes in incarceration rates in the United States. We use state‐level decennial data from 1970 to 2010 (N = 250) to test whether recent theoretical models derived from historical research that emphasize the importance of specific historical periods in shaping the relative importance of certain social and political factors explain imprisonment. Also drawing on historical work, we examine how these key determinants differed in Sunbelt states, that is, the states stretching across the nation's South from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific, from the rest of the nation. Our findings suggest that the relative contributions of violent crime, minority composition, political ideology, and partisanship to imprisonment vary over time. We also extend our analysis beyond mass incarceration's rise to analyze how factors associated with prison expansion can explain its stabilization and contraction in the early twenty‐first century. Our findings suggest that most of the factors that best explained state incarceration rates in the prison boom era lost power once imprisonment stabilized and declined. We find considerable support for the importance of historical contingencies in shaping state‐level imprisonment trends, and our findings highlight the enduring importance of race in explaining incarceration.