公共政策实验室:21世纪的综合政策分析环境

运用公共政策理论、系统方法论和现代信息技术 ,建构公共政策实验室 ,能够有效地弥补我国现实公共政策制定中社会参与的组织化程度低、各种利益的表达和沟通不充分等体制与机制性缺陷。本文以北京交通拥堵问题为例 ,提出了公共政策实验室的概念 ,对公共政策实验室的人员构成和政策实验过程进行了初步探讨 ,最后分析了其作用和价值。     

关于交通肇事罪共犯的认定——兼谈最高人民法院有关司法解释的理论依据

交通肇事罪共犯形成的理论基础在于其罪过形式是复合罪过形式,可由过失构成,也可由间接故意构成。交通肇事罪共犯主体包括交通运输人员和非交通运输人员,共犯行为可以是作为,也可以是不作为。     

Hidden corporate profits in the U.S. prison system: the unorthodox policy-making of the American Legislative Exchange Council

Using a leaked document trove containing 800 model bills, we analyze the American Legislative Exchange Council’s (ALEC) hidden corporate profit making in the prison–industrial complex. We find that ALEC seeks to expand the private prison industry in three ways: (1) promoting greater use of private prisons, goods, and services, (2) promoting greater use of prison labor, and (3) increasing the size of the prison population. ALEC’s efforts to increase the prison population by expanding definitions of existing crime, creating new crimes, enhancing enforcement of existing crimes, amending the trial process to increase the likelihood of incarceration, and lengthening prison sentences for crimes pose a threat to civil liberties. ALEC’s unorthodox policy approach exemplifies John Gaventa’s theory that powerful interests maintain their power by creating conditions in which citizens are not able to identify and advocate on behalf of their interests.     

金融危机背景下政府投资法价值取向初探

面对我国政府投资的社会现实,透析复杂自适应性社会系统基础可以发现,政府投资在我国所扮演的角色已远远超出公共物品提供及国民经济发展＂引动水＂的角色。本文探讨了政府投资角色多元与社会多层次效用期待背景下的法律应然价值取向,提出了在公共利益价值取向指引下的可量化价值标准。     

论我国自主创新文化建设

自主创新的内外系统具有不确定性和复杂性。由于系统复杂性和文化嵌入性,没有主体的创新实践和没有文化的创新主体皆不存在,自主创新生成于社会文化建构。创新文化类型、层次与具体内容各方面均内涵丰富,其建构旨在建设融合＂责任心、宽容心、自信心、恒心＂的创新文化支撑体系。自主创新文化建设的路径选择在于主体、制度、教育、科学精神、传统文化等层面进行系统推进,从而在根本上实现＂尊重创新、鼓励创新、向往创新＂的社会文化转向。     

A New Regional Cold War in the Middle East and North Africa: Regional Security Complex Theory Revisited

Since the 2003 Iraq war, the Middle East and North Africa has entered into a New Regional Cold War, characterised by two competing logics: on the one hand, the politicisation of sectarianism opposing a Saudi-led Sunni bloc against an Iran-led Shia bloc and, on the other, an intra-Sunni cleavage around the mobilisation of political Islam, embodied by the Muslim Brotherhood and its supporters vs its opponents. Blending Buzan and Weaver’s regional security complex theory with Donnelly’s notion of ‘heterarchy’ and applying it to the cold wars the region has experienced, the similarities and differences between the Arab Cold War of the 1950s/60s and the New Regional Cold War reveal the increasing number of heterarchic features within the regional security complex: multiple and heterogeneous power centres, different power rankings, a more visible and relevant role of non-state and transnational actors, and the fragmentation of regional norms.     

Asymmetric alliances and high polarity: evaluating regional security complexes in the Middle East and Horn of Africa

Abstract

The Middle East and the Horn of Africa exist in two distinct regional security complexes (RSCs), groupings of states exhibiting intense security interdependence within a distinct region, but rarely between regions. Recent geopolitical changes and related analyses, however, point to either a subsuming or a joining of the two RSCs, potentially leading to a high degree of uncertainty in two conflict-prone regions. Given the importance of such developments, we question this theory of RSC expansion by offering a concise review of recent security interactions between the two RSCs as well as quantitatively and qualitatively measuring the material power capabilities of relevant states. Borrowing from and contributing to RSC theory, we also identify and analyse concepts and indicators such as threat perception and sub-regional alliances. Our findings demonstrate the Middle East RSC is not expanding to include that of the Horn of Africa. The two remain distinct and under internal consolidation, despite the current discourse. Rather, high polarity in the Middle East coupled with often-congruent interests in Horn of Africa states best explains the current pattern of their interaction, particularly as Middle East states pursue strategies that further their own security interests at the expense of rival states within their own RSC.     

Motivational dilemmas in collaborative learning activities: The case of the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA)

Complex social and environmental problems—such as climate change, rural poverty, and over‐fishing—defy simple policy solutions. An increasing number of scholars, practitioners, and policy makers now agree that coming to grips with such problems requires more collaborative and adaptive forms of learning and decision‐making. Such approaches seek to involve a variety of stakeholders to learn about system‐level effects of past human decisions and adapt future management decisions to the lessons learned. While there are plenty of success stories at the local level, the collaborative learning approach has turned out to be difficult to implement at broader scales—in large public organizations and in society at large. This article provides an explanation for such shortcomings, arguing that the creation of collaborative learning systems is plagued by several motivational dilemmas. By systematically mapping out the institutional incentives of the potential participants in collaborative learning activities, it is argued that one can gain a better understanding of the likelihood that adaptive systems will actually work. These ideas are tested on the case of the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida). It is found that most Sida staff face conflicting incentives to engage in collaborative learning, but there are opportunities for management to strengthen such incentives. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An Unplanned Complex Suicide by Multiple Blank Cartridge Gunshots and Cutting

Blank firing guns are readily accessible in most countries due to an absence of legal regulations. These weapons are capable of causing lethal injuries. We report a rare case of secondary (unplanned) complex suicide committed with a knife and blank cartridge pistol. A 59‐year‐old man was found dead with three superficial incisions in his neck and a gunshot wound to the chest. The external examination revealed an entrance wound in the left chest region consistent with contact shooting. The appearance of a muzzle imprint suggested two discharges. The autopsy showed a slightly hemorrhaged but otherwise intact pericardium, blood in the pericardial sac, and a channel‐like defect in the anterior wall of the left cardiac ventricle. The cause of death was attributed to cardiac tamponade. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of unplanned complex suicide involving an unmodified blank firing gun.     

Aesthetics Relationship between Qu Yuan’s Psychological Complex and His Poetry

Thereisapotentialaestheticrelevancebetweenpsychologicalcomplexandliteraturecreation.QuYuanhasthepsychologicalcomplexsofloneliness,loveforbeauty,insanenessanddeath.ThereistemporalhistoricalassociationandlogicalprogressionamongthemandtheyinfluenceQuYuan’saestheticawarenessandpoetrycreationtoacertainextent.Inotherwords,ChuCiisthedemonstrationoftheinteractionofQuYuan’spsychologicalcomplexandaestheticcreation.