Development of a Nomenclature System for a Canine STR Multiplex Reagent Kit*†

Abstract: Despite the popularity of dogs in US households, canine DNA evidence remains largely untapped in forensic investigations partially because of the absence of well‐defined forensic short tandem repeats (STRs), lack of standardized and validated PCR protocols, STR reagent kits, and poorly developed nomenclature. A nomenclature system was established based on internationally recognized recommendations for human forensic STRs for a recently developed canine STR reagent kit. Representative alleles were sequenced from each of the 18 STRs and the sex‐typing marker included in the kit. This study also reflects on the impact of point mutations, insertions, and deletions within and outside the STR core repeat structures. An understanding of the STRs’ sequence and repeat structures will enable development of a robust and reliable allele nomenclature and improve the accuracy and precision of allele fragment sizing in canine forensic profiling. The expected allele sizes have been calculated, and their repeat stuctures defined based on sequence information.     

儒家心性论与当代伦理实践

儒家心性论思想是一个历史范畴,随着时代的变化不断深化,并成为我国传统文化史上的核心内容。在当前社会转型期,发掘儒家心性之学的价值并运用于当代伦理实践,从而强固人们内在精神生活的根据,是时代提出的迫切需要。     

Y染色体OSU49基因座遗传多态性分析

目的调查Y染色体OSU49基因座在河南汉族群体中的遗传多态性,评价其法医学应用参数。方法知情同意情况下,采集300名河南汉族男性个体的血样本,荧光标记PCR,扩增产物采用ABI 3130遗传分析仪检测。根据分型检测结果,对不同等位基因进行序列分析(测序)。结果 OSU49基因座包含五核苷酸和四核苷酸两种核心序列。在河南汉族群体中基序表现为:(CTTTC)pCTT(CCCT)7T(CTTTC)1(TCTT)5(TCCT)m(TCTT)n TCT(TCCT)4,五核苷酸核心序列的重复次数为12~17,四核苷酸核心序列的重复次数为20~30,按其片段长度命名等位基因,共发现34个等位基因,GD值为0.918 6,DP值为0.915 5。结论 Y染色体OSU49基因座序列结构复杂,在河南汉族群体中具有较高的遗传多态性,可应用于法医学和人类遗传学研究中。     

新一轮解放思想的特点与意义论析

新一轮解放思想的一个突出特点是自下而上与自上而下的结合。2003年党的十六届三中全会和2004年十六届六中全会,提出了以人为本的科学发展观与构建和谐社会的目标;党的十七大又进一步阐述了以人为本的科学发展观的基本内涵,以及继续深化改革的必要性和基本要求。这既是思想解放的成果,也是新一轮解放思想的起点。要深入贯彻落实科学发展观,构建和谐社会,必须进一步解放思想,转变观念,求实创新。     

笛卡尔的"我思"与"人"

笛卡尔以"我思"为核心的二元论哲学摧毁古代的理解模式,代之以科学的世界观和解释理论,从不同层面理解"人",涉及心灵、身体、身心统一体三个方面,以及三者之间错综复杂的关系,从而影响到人类学的急剧变化,影响到人的道德和自制的全部体系,致使"人性"和"人道主义"问题更为复杂,体现了其现代性特征.     

中国共产党发展史是与时俱进不断创新的历史

中国共产党经历了以毛泽东为首的党的第一代领导集体,结合中国革命具体实践,实事求是,创立了毛泽东思想。以邓小平为核心的第二代领导集体,解放思想,实事求是,提出社会主义市场经济,从而发展了毛泽东思想,形成了邓小平理论。新世纪,以江泽民为核心的党的第三代领导集体,解放思想,实事求是,与时俱进,提出"三个代表"重要思想。纵观中国共产党82年的发展史,就是与时俱进、不断创新的历史。     

论犯罪心理学理论与实践的结合

犯罪人在实施犯罪行为前就已经存在的犯罪心理,如动机、需要、意志,以及实施犯罪行为时的心理状态,都会由于“个性”具有的独特性和稳定性,使其在实施犯罪过程中在无意识状态下表现出来,并因其个性的不同,在目的、犯罪类型、侵害目标的选择上都表现出差异性,这就为我们通过犯罪现场的态势和获取的证据材料分析犯罪心理并确定犯罪嫌疑人提供了理论依据,使我们识别犯罪人成为一种可能。     

The use of bloodhounds in determining the impact of genetics and the environment on the expression of human odortype

Bloodhounds are used to trail fleeing felons and missing persons. In order to start a trail, the dog must be presented with a person's scent. There are many hypotheses on what a bloodhound smells while trailing. The present study attempts to identify whether human scent is genetic, and if it is influenced by one's environment. Bloodhounds trained in human scent discrimination were used to differentiate between monozygotic twins, related and nonrelated persons, living together and apart. The first test required the dogs to run blind trails after being presented with the scent of one person in the pair, while the opposite person was hidden. The second test allowed the dogs to trail one person in the pair after both people were hidden. Results appear to demonstrate that bloodhounds rely heavily on genetic cues when differentiating between people. Environmental cues do not appear to significantly aid the bloodhound in scent discrimination.     

方音释古

先秦诸多典籍,如《诗经》、《国语》、《国策》、《论语》、《孟子》,与当时口语非常接近,今天读起来,仍朗然上口,心知其意。魏、晋之后,古代书面语与口语分道扬镳,日渐陌生。但是,由于政治、经济、文化的影响,陕西关中方言长期居于“雅言”地位,保持了大量的古代书面语的成分。本文通过几个词语、语句的分析,说明关中方言在阅读、整理古代文献资料方面的重要作用。     

论解放思想，实事求是和与时俱进的关系

要把握党的十六大报告的精髓 ,就必须弄清楚解放思想、实事求是和与时俱进的关系。文章认为 ,解放思想、实事求是和与时俱进的关系是辩证统一的。与时俱进是解放思想、实事求是的不竭动力 ;解放思想、实事求是是与时俱进的必要条件 ;与时俱进是解放思想、实事求是的最终目的