Sleep deprivation does not mimic alcohol intoxication on field sobriety testing

Previous research shows that sleep deprivation (SD) produces cognitive impairment similar to that caused by alcohol intoxication. Individual studies suggest that SD also causes deficits in motor skills that could be mistaken for intoxication. Consequently, SD often is used as a defense when an impaired driver is charged with driving while intoxicated. Twenty-nine adult subjects participated in two test sessions each, one after a full night's rest and the other after wakefulness of at least 24 h. Subjects consumed prescribed amounts of alcohol during each session. Law enforcement officers conducted field sobriety tests identical to those with which a driver would be assessed at roadside. Researchers also measured clinical responses of visual function and vital signs. The presence and number of validated impairment clues increase with increasing blood alcohol concentration but not with SD. Thus, SD does not affect motor skills in a manner that would lead an officer to conclude that the suspect is intoxicated, unless intoxication also is present.     

公有制主体比重的帕累托最优标准

目前对公有制的主体比重已有不少研究,然而结论可谓多种多样,有的结论之间甚至有相当悬殊的反差.有鉴于此,应用经济学理论对"公有制为主体"的性质进行界定就显得十分重要.这种界定的科学性在于寻求公有制主体比重的经济理论支持,而公有制主体比重的帕累托最优标准恰恰提供了这种理论支持.     

血中酒精浓度的回推算研究

目的研究血中酒精浓度值（BAC值）的推算关系。方法对327位自愿受试者饮酒后测定其血中酒精时浓曲线进行分析,计算血中酒精清除率。结果血中酒精消除呈线性,327例血液中酒精消除线性相关系数为0.985±0.019,最小绝对值为0.98,最大绝对值1.000,消除斜率绝对值平均为（0.136±0.037）mg/mL/h,最小绝对值为0.075mg/mL/h,最大绝对值0.266mg/mL/h。结论血液中酒精浓度的推算可根据线性消除关系回推,血液中酒精浓度按照每小时下降0.10mg进行回推算。     

Delayed elimination in humans after ingestion of colchicine: Two fatal cases of colchicine poisoning

Colchicine has been widely used in the treatment of acute gout over the years, but it has a narrow therapeutic index, and overdose can be life threatening. A method using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry system was applied in two fatal cases of colchicine poisoning in this study to the determination of colchicine in blood. In case 1, a 19-year-old man suffered from depression and ingested 160 colchicine tablets (each 0.5 mg). The concentration of colchicine in his blood samples showed a fluctuating trend and kept above the therapeutic steady-state concentration for 5 days. In case 2, a 70-year-old female patient with a history of gout and chronic colchicine intake ingested five times the usual dose of colchicine (5 mg) and died after 12 days of medical care, with 5 ng/mL of colchicine in her blood sample. Our findings suggest that the delayed elimination and accumulation in humans after colchicine overdose could keep the concentration of colchicine maintaining above the therapeutic steady-state concentration for many days before dying, probably along with a fluctuating trend.     

四川工业产业集群发展的现实基础分析

工业经济集群式发展是推进四川新型工业化的关键举措。目前,四川产业集群发展处于初始的企业集聚阶段,在这一阶段,弄清四川工业产业集群发展的客观现实基础是制订产业集群促进政策的前提。四川产业集群发展之所以可行,在于以下三个方面的基础条件,即大规模企业集聚的微观基础;迅速扩张的市场和不断升级的需求结构;不断完善的社会主义市场经济体制。     

Capital Account Liberalization,Financial Structure,and Access to Credit in Latin America

This article revisits the question of whether capital account liberalization improves access to credit by advancing and testing a theory of how the structure of the financial sector shapes the willingness and ability of banks and governments to repress the domestic financial sector. In a highly concentrated financial sector, banks and governments are more willing to reap the benefits of financial openness by suppressing liberalizing reforms to domestic financial policies, and they can also better coordinate with one another to stifle these reforms compared to when the financial sector is diffuse. Using a panel dataset of Latin American and Caribbean countries, I find that capital account liberalization leads to a decrease in loans to private firms and households and an increase in loans to governments and state-owned enterprises when the financial sector is highly concentrated. Only when the financial sector is diffuse does capital account liberalization lead to reforms in entry barriers, directed credit programs, and banking sector supervision, which extends to improved access to credit for private firms and households.     

Memorializing genocide: embodied semiotics in concentration camp memorials

Theorists have argued that the “attempt to comprehend” the genocidal event represented by Auschwitz has “defeated the intellects of countless men and women”. Memorials at Auschwitz and other concentration camps such as Dachau and Buchenwald, and to a certain extent those outside of Europe, such as Tuol Sleng and Choeung Ek in Cambodia, are attempts to call attention to these atrocities in the hope of preventing the repetition of their like. Yet these projects, like all historical monuments and memorials, face the problem of a certain coldness and indifference caused by historical distance, consumerist culture and the seemingly abstract nature of historical images and documents. Concentration camp memorials are not entirely immune from these problems. However, in their use of an embodied semiotics invoking the visitor’s own body as a direct participant in immersive environments, sensory surfaces and displays, these memorials engage – not unproblematically – in a project to realize this history in visceral and concrete ways. This paper examines the semiotic strategies of the concentration camp as a technique of “embodying” suffering that is intended to counter the dissipation of affect in a media-saturated consumerist era.     

Α Simple Method for the Determination of Lacosamide in Blood by GC-MS

Lacosamide is a functionalized amino acid with antiepileptic function. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in patients for lacosamide is critical as it allows clinicians to control epileptic seizures. A single liquid–liquid extraction step was applied for the extraction of lacosamide from whole blood samples which were thereafter analyzed by GC-MS. Optimum extraction conditions were selected on the basis of experiments with various solvents at different pHs, indicating ethyl acetate at pH 12 as the most efficient parameters for the extraction of lacosamide. Method exhibited linearity from 2 to 100 μg/mL with R² = 0.998. Accuracy and precision were evaluated at three concentrations and found to be within acceptable limits. LOD and LOQ were determined at 0.1 and 0.5 μg/mL, respectively. Lacosamide was found to be stable at storage conditions. The developed method was applied successfully in clinical samples and postmortem blood sample from an overdose case.     

Forensic appraisal of death due to acute alcohol poisoning: three case reports and a literature review

Death due to acute alcohol poisoning lacks specific anatomical characteristics, compared with other deaths due to drug poisoning. We report three forensic cases of death from acute alcohol poisoning due to inhibition of the respiratory centre and eventual asphyxia. Blood alcohol concentrations in the three fatalities were 5.28, 3.33 and 3.78 mg/mL, respectively. Lethal doses and blood alcohol concentrations showed differences between individuals. Detailed auxiliary tests besides autopsy were undertaken. These cases show that forensic scientists should exclude other causes of death, combine the autopsy with auxiliary tests, and then make an appraisal.     

设立商标审查程序的必要性及其意义

近年来,＂达能、娃哈哈商标案＂＂可口可乐并购汇源案＂等案件的发生,说明我国在外资并购中的审查程序仍有完善的空间。并购可以实现企业快速成长,但是其品牌也有被控制的风险。因此,在吸引外资的同时应把风险降到最低,在经营者集中的审查当中,商标审查程序有其存在的必要性和可行性。