《民法典》时代的劳动者私生活安宁权：确立与实现

劳动者私生活安宁权的生成，既得益于《民法典》的颁行，又源于网络化时代劳动者私生活安 宁权益保护的迫切需求。从权利性质上看，劳动者私生活安宁权兼具自由权和社会权双重属性。然而，在当下 其权利实现却面临诸多困难，表现为与雇主监督管理权的矛盾及冲突，《民法典》隐私权保护框架的不周延性 以及劳动法保护规范的滞后性。研究建议，就劳动者私生活安宁权的实现路径来看，一是要对《民法典》的保 护路径予以细化和调整，二是要在劳动法中创制新的制度与规则对劳动者进行特别保护。与此同时，应遵循 “两 步走”策略，以协调《民法典》保护与劳动法保护之关系，从而充分实现劳动者的私生活安宁权益。     

论地役权的适用范围

目前国内学者将地役权适用范围界定为不动产利用之调和。但笔者在对罗马法以及各国立法实证考察的基础上认为 ,地役权适用范围绝不仅限于此 ,而可依当事人的目的调整各种物之利用形式 ,并提出若干实例。     

Secular spaces and religious representations: reading the headscarf debate in Turkey as citizenship politics

Although in recent years there has been a relaxing attitude in Turkey towards wearing headscarf in the public sphere, the controversy surrounding the visibility and use of the headscarf has often been read through modernity/tradition dichotomy which sees the use of headscarf by women as a threat to modernity by religious subjectivities. The principal reason for this reading is that the citizenship regime in Turkey has not been simply about defining a framework of membership to a political community but rather has been used to construct modern subjectivity. This article attempts to dislocate the headscarf controversy from this dichotomous reading by moving it into the larger framework of citizenship politics. It argues that instead of interpreting the growing visibility of the headscarf within the public sphere that pits modernity against tradition, we need instead to identify the wearing of the headscarf as a specific ‘act of citizenship’ that challenges dominant citizenship practices.     

论土地经营权行使中的“承包方同意”规则

《农村土地承包法》第43条、第46条和第47条分别规定了“投资改良土壤”“再流转”和“融资担保”情形下土地经营权人须征得土地承包经营权人同意的“承包方同意”规则。法理逻辑上,“承包方同意”规则乃是平衡与协调农地保障功能与市场功能冲突的法技术,亦是土地承包经营权“管理权能”的行使方式之一。规范属性上,其既非效力性强制性规范,违之亦不构成无权处分,而属于私权限制性规范,目的在于不同私权利益关系对抗和竞争下对土地承包经营权人权益的优先保护。司法适用上,应区分投资改良行为与再流转两类不同情形,对于违反“承包方同意”规则的行为,承包方可通过自主意志选择有利于自己的后果或在对抗力层面获得优先保护。     

紧急状态对西方法治的挑战及其理论反思

运用紧急权应对紧急状态已经成为一个日益棘手的问题。西方的法治与紧急状态是矛盾的。我国的法治及其民主建设应该从西方法治与紧急状态之间的矛盾汲取有益的经验和教训。     

乡村振兴与农地流转体制机制创新研究——基于地权配置的视角

“乡土中国”是我国农村的基本社会事实。土地问题是农村经济体制改革的逻辑起点,也是深化改革的关键着力点。优化地权配置,通过土地流转提高农地利用效率是乡村振兴战略的核心。从地权配置角度切入,剖析乡村振兴与农地流转之间的内生关系,探究了当前农地流转的成绩、不足以及困境,以图耦合地、人、业、钱等要素的关系。为推进农地流转体制机制创新,应当加快法律法规体系建设,建立健全网络化的农地流转市场并充分监管农地用途,合理界定相关权利主体及其行为边界,激活土地的多层次权能,促进现代农业与小农户有机衔接,同时健全社会保障体系,减少农地流转的后顾之忧,殷实农民获得感。     

Does an effective bankruptcy reform impact the selling cost behavior of firms? Evidence from India

This study examined whether strengthening of creditors' rights impacts the selling cost behavior of firms or not? To investigate this question, the author exploited implementation of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) in 2016 in India as an exogenous policy shock. The author found that selling cost of firms in India in the pre-implementation period were not “sticky”. Further, implementation of the IBC produced no impact on the selling cost behavior of Indian firms in the post-implementation period. Nonetheless, legislation of the IBC was found to have lowered financial resources that firms devoted to their selling activities. In addition, firms that faced a higher risk of bankruptcy because of more leverage in the pre-IBC period demonstrated greater response to promulgation of the IBC. Thus, it can be inferred that an effective bankruptcy reform has little impact on the selling cost behavior of firms but incentivizes them to devote lesser financial resources to their selling activities in order to lower their bankruptcy risk.     

论我国农地市场化流转中的政府责任

农地市场化流转是我国农地产权制度的诱致性创新。当前我国农村土地流转中,由于诸多障碍因素,市场机制难以发挥配置土地资源的基础性作用。从增强市场机制在农村土地流转中的基础性作用出发,政府应该从直接的农村土地流转活动中退出,多方面为农地市场化流转创造有利条件,加快推进农地流转进程。     

How much is citizenship worth? The case of Kyrgyzstani migrants in Kazakhstan and Russia

In the past few decades, political membership has become more complex, for example, through the proliferation of dual and multiple citizenships. Some scholars argue that, as a result, state membership may have become less relevant to individuals. In the same vein, our article argues that Kyrgyzstani migrants working in Russia and Kazakhstan have developed a pragmatic approach to citizenship. This case study, which builds upon in-depth interviews conducted in April and May 2008, is pertinent for several reasons. Labor migration from Kyrgyzstan has surged in recent years and is radically affecting the country's economy, society, and polity. Besides, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and Russia have been separate political units for less than two decades; transnational practices and attitudes are thus not new. Our results show that for Kyrgyzstani migrants in Russia and Kazakhstan, citizenship is mainly defined in terms of concrete, short-term benefits. They have difficulties formulating what it means to be a citizen beyond the expression of a vague patriotic support. Those who have naturalized, mostly in Russia, do it for convenience purposes without attaching much affective meaning to it. Most see their stay as temporary (particularly in Kazakhstan), are not engaged in diasporic organizations or activities, and are estranged from the politics of both their home and host country.     

知识产权财产化批判与超越

知识产权财产化的误区在于视知识产权为一种绝对的财产权。事实上,知识产权语境下不存在公地悲剧,财产权的经济学理论亦不能证明知识产权正外部性内在化的正当性,我们根据搭便车来思考知识产权是错误的。然而,经济学理论也无法告诉我们,如何在私人产权和公共领域之间划定一条正确的界限。知识产权的最佳保护范围,应根据具体产业中创新的种类、本质和市场环境的不同而变化。Copyleft规则即为超越知识产权财产化提供了一个极好的范例。