旅游者决策行为影响机制探究

随着旅游业的迅猛发展，旅游者决策行为分析被越来越多的学者和营销者所关注。旅游消费者决策行为直接决定着旅游者出行的选择，对旅游者决策行为的影响机制的了解与认识，将对旅游接待地和当地旅游企业采用恰当的市场营销手段吸引旅游者有着决定性的意义。其中旅游者行为决策过程和影响旅游者决策机制的过程性因素是了解旅游者决策行为的关键，而针对旅游者决策行为影响机制的有效旅游市场营销策略是本文研究的目的。     

从行政成本看节约型政府的制度体系构建

构建节约型政府的最大障碍就是行政成本居高不下，造成这一问题的根本原因在于“制度缺失”，因此，要有效控制行政成本，建设节约型政府，必须多管齐下，综合治理，健全和完善严密有效的制度体系，从而最大程度地减少行政成本，推进政府机关的可持续发展。     

论戏谑行为及其民事法律后果——兼论戏谑行为与悬赏广告的区别

中国现有的民事法律缺少关于戏谑行为的立法,《民法通则》和《合同法》也只是以重大误解、显失公平来概括意思表示的不真实。这种立法模式既不同于德国单独规制戏谑行为,又不同于日本将戏谑行为划归真意保留,在司法实践中很容易与悬赏广告相混淆。针对上述难题,本文从分析戏谑行为入手,然后分析其与悬赏广告之间的区别,进而提出司法实践的建议。     

论未成年人民事行为能力及其所为民事行为之效力

未成年人尚未成年，对自己的行为缺乏全面的认识能力及预判能力，为了保护其利益，世界各国的民事法律制度，无不对其行为能力及其所为行为的效力进行必要的限制，我国亦同。我国现行的未成年人民事行为能力制度，存在着过于简单、笼统；缺乏对未成年人意思能力的应有尊重；与现实生活的实际状况相背离等缺陷不利于对相对人的权益保护，亟需完善。     

Warning behaviors and leaked intent: Potential new avenues to prevent mass shootings

On March 12, 2018, John Laubscher, owner of AJ’s Archery in Nelson, NY, had a gut feeling and refused to sell a rifle to a Syracuse University student—disrupting a mass shooting ( https://www.syracuse.com/crime/2018/04/how_gun_shop_owner_thwarted_on_the_edge_su_student_from_buying_high-capacity_rif.html . Accessed 10 Nov 2021). Prompted by this, we surveyed the opinions, beliefs, attitudes, and current practices of gun sellers in Onondaga County, NY, in regard to safe gun sales. The primary outcome was to determine which types of “concerning behaviors” are more likely to cause a seller to intervene in some manner. Secondary outcomes included the following: ascertaining the frequency of denials of customer purchases, frequency of reporting to law enforcement, and identifying any gaps that make it difficult for gun sellers to report behaviors to the authorities. Follow-up interviews were conducted with those who were willing to speak with the authors in more depth. A response rate of 12.9% was achieved. Sixty-two percent (62.5%) of respondents had some experience in uniformed services, with specialized training in mental or emotional crises, as well as deception detection. The majority found the training helpful in their gun selling career. Reasons for personal denials were reported as: “interest in illegal fittings,” “information revealed during conversation,” and “lack of basic knowledge of using the firearm looking to purchase.” Two respondents stated that due to a lack of a “reporting protocol,” they would not report any concerns to law enforcement. The study helps inform future research in regard to surveying more sellers across NY state and nationwide.     

Prevalence of probable attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in inmates and its relationship with recidivism

The aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence of probable attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in prisoners and to assess the relationship between ADHD and recidivism. We studied 356 inmates, who were evaluated using the Wender Utah Rating Scale and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale. Type of crime and other crime-related data were compared between inmates with and without ADHD. The group with probable ADHD had a higher average number of convictions compared to the group without ADHD. The probable ADHD group also demonstrated higher incidence of extortion crime, drug trade, disciplinary action at school, and military service than the group without ADHD. Linear regression analysis revealed that the presence of probable ADHD was effective on the number of convictions. The findings of our study support that the presence of probable ADHD carries a potential risk of being prone to certain crimes and demonstrate a correlation between the presence of probable ADHD and early involvement in crime and the number of convictions.     

网上消费环境下的消费者权益保护问题

目前,网络环境下的消费者权益保护问题广受关注。本文着重围绕网上消费合同中的格式条款、消费者的知情权及网上消费的冷静期和解约权问题,对网络环境下消费者权益保护法律的适用和完善提出了意见和建议。     

非营利组织营利活动及其收入的税法规制——制度比较分析的视角

本文通过中外理论及法律法规比较,揭示了非营利组织的基本特征,即非营利组织是具有组织性、非利润分配性、民间性、自治性和志愿性的组织。同时,为了扩大收入来源,保证非营利组织的可持续发展,国家应在附加有关限制条件的基础上,允许非营利组织开展营利活动。与此同时,需采用不同标准划分非营利组织营利收入的来源和用途,针对不同类型的收入设计不同的税收优惠政策,从而达到鼓励社会力量兴办公益事业、促进市场公平竞争的目的。     

经济社会协同发展方式是新中国历史检验的选择

该文以国家实施的五年计划中经济建设与民生改进是否协同发展所产生的绩效为考量，回顾了新中国前五个五年计划社会积累过高，民生类社会建设投入频变的过程；分析了党的工作着重点转移后，民生建设在纠偏中校正方向，国家发展战略增加社会发展指标，强调速度、质量、效益相协调，消费、投资、出口相协调，人口、资源、环境相协调，追求经济社会的协同发展的过程；实践证明，坚持经济发展与社会建设协调发展，才能保证国民经济和社会发展的总体规划顺利实施。     

关怀型伦理环境对员工亲组织非伦理行为的影响 —— 基于医药企业的调查

工作场所中的员工亲组织非伦理行为违背了社会伦理准则,但其亲组织性却可以促进组织获取利益,综合而言,该行为兼具了利己与利他动机。基于情感事件理论框架,构建以情感承诺为中介,以积极情绪为调节的中介模型,检验关怀型伦理环境对员工亲组织非伦理行为影响的内在机制。收集来自北京和哈尔滨6家医药企业的调研数据,运用多层次线性回归分析和验证性因素分析法进行实证分析。研究结果表明,关怀型伦理环境对员工的亲组织非伦理行为具有显著的正向影响;情感承诺在关怀型伦理环境与亲组织非伦理行为的关系中发挥部分中介作用;积极情绪在关怀型伦理环境与情感承诺的关系中发挥正向调节作用;积极情绪在情感承诺与亲组织非伦理行为的关系中发挥正向调节作用。